{ "schema": "galena.fix-facts/1", "read": "2026-11-03", "about": "What it takes to test and fix a lead service line, city by city, from official pages only. Every fact gives the page it comes from, the date Galena read it and the words it rests on, copied exactly. A fact whose words were not found on its saved page was left out. Check them again with check_facts.py.", "cities": { "albany": { "name": "Albany, NY", "utility": "Albany Water Board; City of Albany Department of Water and Water Supply (Albany Water Department)", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "The Albany Water Department's Lead Service Replacement Program pays back up to $2,000 toward full replacement of a lead service line.", "quote": "The Lead Service Replacement Program provides a reimbursement of up to $2,000 to aid in the full replacement of a lead service line.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2433/Grant-Info", "source": "Grant Info | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "City code requires a lead or galvanized service to be replaced in full with copper, not patched or partly replaced.", "quote": "Current City of Albany Code (Section 371-89.A) requires that a lead or galvanized service be replaced in full with copper pipe rather than spot-repaired or partially replaced to mitigate health and safety concerns.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2433/Grant-Info", "source": "Grant Info | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The department's 2026 goal is to replace more than 1,000 lead service lines, more than 200 of them with its own staff.", "quote": "Replace 1,000+ lead water service lines and promote Lead Water Service Replacement Grant Program. (replace 200+ with AWD personnel).", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/14747/Albany_City_AWQR_2026_final_proof_19", "source": "2025 Annual Water Quality Report (City of Albany)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "The City of Albany does not own any part of the service line, but the department can help customers replace it.", "quote": "The City of Albany does not own any portion of the service line, but can assist customers with replacement of services.", "url": "https://albanyny.gov/2465/Confirmed-Lead", "source": "Confirmed Lead | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Owners are not required to replace a lead service line on their own.", "quote": "No, homeowners have no obligation to replace lead water services on their own.", "url": "https://albanyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/6194/Service-Line-FAQs", "source": "Lead Service Lines Frequently Asked Questions (Albany Water Department)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The contractor must work under a Water Department permit, and department staff inspect the work.", "quote": "The Contractor is required to work under a permit through the City of Albany Water Department. Part of the permit requires that the work be inspected by AWD staff.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2433/Grant-Info", "source": "Grant Info | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "The owner pays the contractor's bill in full first. The department pays the grant back after the work is done.", "quote": "This is a reimbursement program. The applicant is responsible for paying the contractor’s invoice in-full.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/13954/Lead-Service-Replacement---Grant-Application-Feb2026", "source": "Lead Service Replacement Program Guidance and Grant Application (Feb 2026)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The department says the $2,000 grant could cut the total cost by as much as half. Costs vary with the length and location of the line.", "quote": "The $2,000 reimbursement could reduce the total cost by as much as half.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2433/Grant-Info", "source": "Grant Info | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "money_help": [ { "text": "Grant amounts: $1,000 when only half the line is replaced (main to curb box, or curb box to meter), and $2,000 for the full line from main to meter.", "quote": "$1,000 for 1/2 service replacement (Curb Box to Water Meter or Water Main to Curb Box) $2,000 for full service replacement (Water Main to Water Meter)", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2433/Grant-Info", "source": "Grant Info | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "All homeowners with lead service lines can get the grant, including owners of small multi-unit buildings and owners who do not live there.", "quote": "All homeowners with lead service lines are eligible for the grant funds – including owners of small multi-unit properties and those who do not reside in the home.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2433/Grant-Info", "source": "Grant Info | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The grant is only for work that removes all the lead. Partial removal or spot repairs do not qualify.", "quote": "Partial lead removal or spot repairs do not qualify for grant funding.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/13954/Lead-Service-Replacement---Grant-Application-Feb2026", "source": "Lead Service Replacement Program Guidance and Grant Application (Feb 2026)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "First confirm your line is lead with department staff, online or by calling 518-434-5300.", "quote": "If you have not, please so do, or you can call 518-434-5300 to schedule an appointment with AWD staff to confirm your water service material.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2433/Grant-Info", "source": "Grant Info | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The January 2026 guidance memo and the February 2026 application give 518-434-5322 for the same step." }, { "text": "Apply online at albanyny.gov/lead or by email to AWDGrants@Albanyny.gov.", "quote": "Submit your completed LSRP Application Online at: albanyny.gov/lead or emailed to: AWDGrants@Albanyny.gov", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/13954/Lead-Service-Replacement---Grant-Application-Feb2026", "source": "Lead Service Replacement Program Guidance and Grant Application (Feb 2026)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The application asks for two itemized estimates from different contractors.", "quote": "Attach two (2) itemized estimates from separate contractors to this application.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/13954/Lead-Service-Replacement---Grant-Application-Feb2026", "source": "Lead Service Replacement Program Guidance and Grant Application (Feb 2026)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "The Grant Info web page says getting more than one quote is highly recommended but not a requirement for the grant." }, { "text": "To be paid, the owner sends the signed City of Albany Payment Voucher with the contractor's paid-in-full invoice.", "quote": "To complete the process the homeowner must submit the signed City of Albany Payment Voucher with a paid in full invoice from the contractor who performed the work.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2433/Grant-Info", "source": "Grant Info | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "The department suggests testing your tap water if your line is lead. Its FAQ says the state Department of Health offers free lead testing.", "quote": "We suggest testing your tap water for lead. The Department of Health offers free lead testing.", "url": "https://albanyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/6194/Service-Line-FAQs", "source": "Lead Service Lines Frequently Asked Questions (Albany Water Department)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The state programme itself is covered by another research job." }, { "text": "You can also test a water sample privately through an accredited lab.", "quote": "You may test a water sample privately through an accredited lab.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2434/Free-Water-Filter", "source": "Free Water Filter | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Single-family homes can join the department's lead sampling programme. Participants get a 10% discount on their water bill.", "quote": "As a thank you, program participants receive a 10% discount on their water bill", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2466/Save-10-With-Our-Lead-Sampling-Program", "source": "Save 10% With Our Lead Sampling Program | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The page says: 'Only single-family homes are eligible'." }, { "text": "Certified commercial labs can test tap water for lead. The state says it costs $15 to $50 per sample.", "quote": "Certified commercial laboratories can test for lead in drinking water. The cost ranges from $15 to $50 per sample.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024", "note": "'Certified commercial laboratories' links to the state's certified laboratory list (Wadsworth Center), which returned HTTP 503 on 2026-11-03." }, { "text": "Your local health department can answer questions about testing and lowering lead.", "quote": "Contact your local health department with questions about lead testing drinking water or for advice about lowering lead levels in your drinking water.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024" }, { "text": "In 2017 the state started a free lead testing pilot for residents, to run while funds lasted. Its sign-up page now returns 'Page Not Found', and the current lead page does not mention it.", "quote": "Testing under this pilot program will continue as long as funds are available.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2017/2017-03-01_free_lead_testing_pilot_program.htm", "source": "New York State Department of Health Announces Free Lead Testing Pilot Program", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "March 1, 2017", "note": "Press release dated March 1, 2017. The sign-up page it names (slug nys-doh-free-testing-pilot) returned HTTP 404 'Page Not Found' on 2026-11-03." } ], "filters": [ { "text": "The department gives a free water filter to any household whose water sample tests high for lead (above 10 ppb), for people who cannot replace their line yet.", "quote": "For tenants or homeowners who are not able to complete a replacement at this time, AWD is providing free water filters to any household with a water sample that tests high for lead (above 10 ppb).", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2433/Grant-Info", "source": "Grant Info | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "To qualify, the home with the lead service must have a lead sample of at least 0.01 mg/L (10 ppb).", "quote": "The water filter program requires that the homeowner or tenant occupying the home with the lead service meet a minimum lead sample requirement of 0.01 mg/L or 10 ppb.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2434/Free-Water-Filter", "source": "Free Water Filter | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The free filter is one pitcher with a cartridge that lasts about six months.", "quote": "Free Water Filter: One water pitcher with filter cartridge good for approximately 6 months.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/13954/Lead-Service-Replacement---Grant-Application-Feb2026", "source": "Lead Service Replacement Program Guidance and Grant Application (Feb 2026)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "After approval you pick up the filter at the Water Department or have it delivered.", "quote": "The Applicant will need to schedule an appointment with AWD staff to pick up the water filter from the Albany Water Department or have it delivered to the address.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/2434/Free-Water-Filter", "source": "Free Water Filter | Albany, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "In January to June 2025 the lead 90th percentile was 7.38 µg/L. One of 82 sites was above the 15 µg/L action level.", "quote": "The 90th percentile of the samples collected in Jan-June was 7.38 µg /L for lead, below the action level of (15 µg /L) with only one (1) location above action level of the 82 sites tested.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/14747/Albany_City_AWQR_2026_final_proof_19", "source": "2025 Annual Water Quality Report (City of Albany)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Highest result 19.8 µg/L.", "what": "90th percentile lead, tap samples, January to June 2025", "value": 7.38, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 82, "period": "January to June 2025", "above": "1 of 82 sites above the action level", "sample_kind": "single-family residences confirmed to have lead at the meter, per the report" }, { "text": "In July to December 2025 the lead 90th percentile was 12.8 µg/L. Five of 80 sites were above the 15 µg/L action level.", "quote": "The 90th percentile of the samples collected in July-Dec. was 12.80 µg /L for lead, with total five (5) locations above the action level of (15 µg /L) of the 80 sites tested.", "url": "https://www.albanyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/14747/Albany_City_AWQR_2026_final_proof_19", "source": "2025 Annual Water Quality Report (City of Albany)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Highest result 27.9 µg/L. The quote contains the ligature character 'fi' exactly as extracted from the PDF.", "what": "90th percentile lead, tap samples, July to December 2025", "value": 12.8, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 80, "period": "July to December 2025", "above": "5 of 80 sites above the action level", "sample_kind": "single-family residences confirmed to have lead at the meter, per the report" } ], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "Two phone numbers are given to confirm your service material: 518-434-5300 on the web pages and the FAQ, and 518-434-5322 in the January 2026 guidance memo and February 2026 application.", "The web page says more than one contractor quote is recommended but not required; the February 2026 application asks for two itemized estimates.", "The filter threshold is written as 'above 10 ppb' on one page and as a minimum of 0.01 mg/L or 10 ppb (at or above) on others.", "The city's pages describe only the reimbursement grant. They do not describe any free, city-run replacement on whole streets." ] }, "buffalo": { "name": "Buffalo, NY", "utility": "Buffalo Water (operated for the Buffalo Water Board); City of Buffalo", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "Buffalo Water Board rules say a lead service pipe must not be repaired. When a repair is needed, it must be replaced with a lead-free pipe.", "quote": "A lead service pipe shall not be repaired, and where repairs are required, such a pipe shall be replaced with a service pipe that is lead free", "url": "https://buffalowater.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/BUFFALO-WATER-BOARD-CODES-RULES-and-REGULATIONS.pdf", "source": "Buffalo Water Board Codes, Rules and Regulations", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "changes received through March 31, 2023" }, { "text": "The rules let the Water Board use public money and its own staff to replace lead or galvanized service pipes, at the commissioner's discretion.", "quote": "may use public funds and it may utilize public employees to replace or remediate any service pipe, valve, or appurtenance, including but not limited to, lead and/or galvanized steel or iron service pipes, at the discretion of the commissioner", "url": "https://buffalowater.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/BUFFALO-WATER-BOARD-CODES-RULES-and-REGULATIONS.pdf", "source": "Buffalo Water Board Codes, Rules and Regulations", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "changes received through March 31, 2023", "note": "This is a power of the Board, not a programme an owner can apply to. The Buffalo Water site has no replacement programme page." } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "In Buffalo the property owner is responsible for the whole service line, from the basement to the water main, including the part under the street.", "quote": "In the City of Buffalo, residents are responsible for the entire service line – from inside your crawl space or basement all the way to the water main – including service line replacement under the street, and the cost of repairing the street if required.", "url": "https://buffalowater.org/customerservice/faqs/repair/", "source": "Water Service Line Repair or Replacement Program (Buffalo Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Buffalo Water's 2025 water quality report says the lead service line is owned by the property owner.", "quote": "The LSL is owned by the property owner.", "url": "https://buffalowater.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2025-AWQR-Buffalo-Water-Final-5.29.2026.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report For Calendar Year 2025 (Buffalo Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "The owner pays to repair or replace the service line if it leaks.", "quote": "You as the property owner are responsible for repair or replacement of your service line if it develops a leak.", "url": "https://buffalowater.org/customerservice/faqs/repair/", "source": "Water Service Line Repair or Replacement Program (Buffalo Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Buffalo Water says a full replacement, with road, sidewalk and lawn repair, can cost several thousand dollars.", "quote": "The cost to repair or replace a residential service line can range from several hundred dollars for a simple repair, to several thousand dollars for a complete replacement of the service line and restoration of the roadway, sidewalk and landscaping.", "url": "https://buffalowater.org/customerservice/faqs/repair/", "source": "Water Service Line Repair or Replacement Program (Buffalo Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "money_help": [], "how_to_apply": [] }, "testing": [ { "text": "To have your water tested for lead by Buffalo Water, call the City of Buffalo 311 Call and Resolution Center. The report does not say if the test is free.", "quote": "if you are concerned about elevated levels of lead in your home’s plumbing, please contact City of Buffalo 3-1-1 Call and Resolution Center to have your water tested for lead by Buffalo Water.", "url": "https://buffalowater.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2025-AWQR-Buffalo-Water-Final-5.29.2026.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report For Calendar Year 2025 (Buffalo Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "Free or paid is not stated." }, { "text": "For questions about water quality, the report gives the Buffalo Water laboratory line: 716-847-1065, extension 153.", "quote": "at (716) 847-1065 ext. 130 or the laboratory at (716) 847-1065 ext. 153 if you have questions about water quality.", "url": "https://buffalowater.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2025-AWQR-Buffalo-Water-Final-5.29.2026.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report For Calendar Year 2025 (Buffalo Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Certified commercial labs can test tap water for lead. The state says it costs $15 to $50 per sample.", "quote": "Certified commercial laboratories can test for lead in drinking water. The cost ranges from $15 to $50 per sample.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024", "note": "'Certified commercial laboratories' links to the state's certified laboratory list (Wadsworth Center), which returned HTTP 503 on 2026-11-03." }, { "text": "Your local health department can answer questions about testing and lowering lead.", "quote": "Contact your local health department with questions about lead testing drinking water or for advice about lowering lead levels in your drinking water.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024" }, { "text": "In 2017 the state started a free lead testing pilot for residents, to run while funds lasted. Its sign-up page now returns 'Page Not Found', and the current lead page does not mention it.", "quote": "Testing under this pilot program will continue as long as funds are available.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2017/2017-03-01_free_lead_testing_pilot_program.htm", "source": "New York State Department of Health Announces Free Lead Testing Pilot Program", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "March 1, 2017", "note": "Press release dated March 1, 2017. The sign-up page it names (slug nys-doh-free-testing-pilot) returned HTTP 404 'Page Not Found' on 2026-11-03." } ], "filters": [], "measurements": [ { "text": "Buffalo Water says 273 homes were tested for lead and copper in 2025.", "quote": "In 2025 273 homes were tested during the compliance period of January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025.", "url": "https://buffalowater.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2025-AWQR-Buffalo-Water-Final-5.29.2026.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report For Calendar Year 2025 (Buffalo Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "what": "homes tested for lead and copper, 2025 compliance period", "value": 273, "unit": "count", "n": 273, "period": "2025", "above": null, "sample_kind": "compliance sites" }, { "text": "Buffalo Water had a monitoring violation: for January to June 2025 it submitted 82 of the 100 required lead and copper samples.", "quote": "During the lead and copper January-June 2025 semiannual monitoring period, 82 of the 100 required approved samples were submitted.", "url": "https://buffalowater.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2025-AWQR-Buffalo-Water-Final-5.29.2026.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report For Calendar Year 2025 (Buffalo Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The report calls this a Tier III monitoring violation of Part 5, 5-1.42 of the New York State Sanitary Code.", "what": "lead and copper samples submitted versus required, January to June 2025", "value": 82, "unit": "count", "n": 100, "period": "January to June 2025", "above": null, "sample_kind": null } ], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "The City of Buffalo website (buffalony.gov) refused our fetch with a bot block (403), and WebFetch was refused too. Search results list a city 'Lead Information' page and a 2019 city announcement of a 'Replace Old Lead Lines' programme there, but we could not read them, so we cannot say whether a city replacement programme is open, what it pays, or how to apply.", "Buffalo Water's own website has no lead service line replacement programme page, no grant or loan information for owners, and no sign-up route.", "Buffalo Water's 2025 report says the lead service line inventory is publicly accessible on its website, but we found no inventory or map link on buffalowater.org.", "Whether the lead test arranged through 311 is free or paid is not stated.", "Buffalo Water's pages and 2025 report give no filter programme and no filter advice.", "The 2025 report's lead row prints the 90th percentile as 0.004 in a ppb column although results range up to 7.13 ppb, and it gives no count of sites above the action level.", "A published figure is not used because its page is not clear: Buffalo Water's 2025 report shows the lead 90th percentile as 0.004 in a column marked ppb, with results from not detected to 7.13 ppb. The unit looks wrong and the report does not explain it." ] }, "calgary": { "name": "Calgary", "utility": "The City of Calgary", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "The City says its plan to speed up the removal of all remaining lead service lines, on both the City side and the private side, is underway.", "quote": "The City’s plan to accelerate the removal of all remaining public and private lead service lines is currently underway.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Lead service lines were used in Calgary mainly between 1939 and 1947, when copper was hard to get during the Second World War.", "quote": "primarily between 1939 and 1947, during World War II when copper was not readily available.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Most water service pipes in Calgary are copper, including in homes built before 1950. An older home does not automatically have a lead pipe.", "quote": "No. The majority of water service pipes in Calgary, including homes built prior to 1950, are made of copper.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "The City is responsible for the pipe from the water main to the property line. Everything on private property, including pipes, solder and fittings, is the owner's responsibility.", "quote": "The City is responsible for the water service line that extends from the water main up to the homeowner's property line. All pipes, solder and fittings on private property are the responsibility of the property owner.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Removing lead service lines is a shared job between the City and the homeowner.", "quote": "Removing lead service lines is a shared responsibility between The City of Calgary and the homeowner.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If both sides are lead, the City will not replace only its side. A partial replacement can disturb lead and raise lead levels, so the City waits until the homeowner is ready to replace the private side.", "quote": "Partial replacement, (where only the public side, or only the private side is replaced), can disturb any remaining lead and may increase the amount of lead found in your drinking water. The City will therefore wait to replace the public line until the homeowner is prepared to replace their private line.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "The City's general rule for water service lines is that the owner pays for all repairs on private property, except the water meter. The lead pages do not say what an owner pays to replace a private lead line or whether the City shares that cost.", "quote": "The property owner is responsible for all repair costs to the service on private property (with the exception of the water meter).", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/customer-service/water-service-lines-calgary.html", "source": "Water service lines in Calgary", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "This sentence is about repairs in general, not about the lead replacement programme." } ], "money_help": [], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "If you think your home has a lead service line, or you plan to replace your private lead line and have not yet spoken with the City, call 311.", "quote": "If you have reason to believe that your home has a lead water service or are planning to replace your private lead service line, and have not spoken with The City, please call 311.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "You can look up the material of the City-owned part of your service line in the City's Public Water Service Lines database.", "quote": "To see the material your home’s public water service line is made of you can search our Public Water Service Lines database", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "The City runs a free tap water sampling program each year to check drinking water for lead.", "quote": "The City has created a free annual tap water sampling program which allows us to monitor your drinking water for the presence of lead.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "To take part, call 311 and ask to register for the Tap Water Sampling Program. Sampling runs from May 1 to September 30, and appointments are first come, first served.", "quote": "If you would like to participate, please contact 311 and reference registration in the Tap Water Sampling Program. Sampling takes place between May 1 and September 30, and participants will be scheduled on a first come, first serve basis.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The City sends the results by letter to the occupant and the owner about three to four weeks after the test.", "quote": "The City will notify the occupant and the property owner of the sampling results via a letter approximately three to four weeks post testing.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "A sampling visit takes about 45 minutes. Samples are usually taken from a kitchen tap with no filter, softener or treatment system.", "quote": "An appointment lasts approximately 45 minutes, primarily samples are collected from a kitchen faucet without filters, softeners or purification systems.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The City's free testing is for homes known to have, or likely to have, a lead service line. In other cases, owners should hire an accredited private laboratory.", "quote": "The City provides water quality testing through the annual Tap Water Sampling Program for properties known to, or likely having a lead water service line between May 1 and September 30 every calendar year. In all other cases, to test the water homeowners should arrange for sampling and testing by a private accredited licensed laboratory.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "After the City replaces a lead line, it tests the water again within one month and again after three to six months.", "quote": "As part of The City’s Lead Replacement Program, follow-up sampling will be performed within one month of the public service pipe replacement, and again after three to six months.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "filters": [ { "text": "For homes found to have City-side or private lead pipes, the City offers a rebate for a certified filter: a kitchen tap-mounted or built-in filter certified to NSF-53, a reverse osmosis system certified to NSF-58, or a distillation system certified to NSF-62.", "quote": "A rebate for an NSF-53 certified , kitchen-tap mounted or built-in water filtration device, an NSF-58 certified reverse osmosis system, or an NSF-62 certified distillation system.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The page gives no rebate amount and no form. It lists the rebate among the ways the City works with homeowners whose property has been identified as having lead pipes." }, { "text": "The City suggests a filter certified to NSF 53, which is tested to reduce lead. Such filters come as pitchers, tap-mounted filters and built-in filters.", "quote": "Consider the use of an NSF 53 certified filter. Filters with NSF 53 certification are independently proven to reduce lead concentrations and come in a variety of formats such as pitcher filters, tap mounted filters and built-in filters.", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/water/water-utility/lead-water-service-lines.html", "source": "Lead and water service lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "In 2025, lead was not detected above 0.0005 mg/L in treated water from the Glenmore plant as it entered the distribution system. The report names plumbing and lead service lines as the common source of lead.", "quote": "Lead mg/L <0.0005 Leaching from plumbing (pipes, solders, brass fittings, and lead service lines)", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/content/dam/www/uep/water/documents/water-documents/glenmore-water-treatment-plant-summary-2025.pdf", "source": "City of Calgary Water Treatment Plant Summary, January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025, Glenmore Treated Water (Entering the Distribution System)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Column header: 'Glenmore Treated Water (Entering the Distribution System)'. Legend: '< Indicates not detected above the specified value'. Guideline column shows 0.005.", "what": "lead in treated water entering the distribution system, Glenmore Water Treatment Plant", "value": "<0.0005", "unit": "mg/L", "n": null, "period": "January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025", "above": null, "sample_kind": "treated water at the plant, entering the distribution system; not home taps" }, { "text": "In 2025, lead was not detected above 0.0005 mg/L in treated water from the Bearspaw plant as it entered the distribution system. The report names plumbing and lead service lines as the common source of lead.", "quote": "Lead mg/L <0.0005 Leaching from plumbing (pipes, solders, brass fittings, and lead service lines)", "url": "https://www.calgary.ca/content/dam/www/uep/water/documents/water-documents/bearspaw-water-treatment-plant-summary-2025.pdf", "source": "City of Calgary Water Treatment Plant Summary, January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025, Bearspaw Treated Water (Entering the Distribution System)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Column header: 'Bearspaw Treated Water (Entering the Distribution System)'. Legend: '< Indicates not detected above the specified value'. Guideline column shows 0.005.", "what": "lead in treated water entering the distribution system, Bearspaw Water Treatment Plant", "value": "<0.0005", "unit": "mg/L", "n": null, "period": "January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025", "above": null, "sample_kind": "treated water at the plant, entering the distribution system; not home taps" } ], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "The City's lead pages do not say what an owner pays to replace a private lead line, whether the City shares the cost, or whether there is a loan or payment plan.", "A City council report on the accelerated lead pipe removal plan is on the City's meeting portal, but the portal answered our fetch with a browser check (HTTP 403), so we could not read it. Its terms may also be out of date.", "The lead page mentions a filter rebate but gives no amount, no form and no deadline. It tells residents to call 311.", "The page says invitation letters go to homes of any age, but also says City testing is for homes known or likely to have a lead line. It is not clear whether other homes can register through 311.", "The pages we read publish no results from the Tap Water Sampling Program. The lead numbers the City publishes are for treated water and its system summary, all below 0.0005 mg/L.", "The pages give no end date for the accelerated removal plan and no count of lead lines left.", "A published figure is not used because its page is not clear: The City's summary of key drinking water results for January to December 2025 lists lead as less than 0.0005 mg/L. The limit shown is 0.005 mg/L. The page does not say where these samples were taken." ] }, "kitchener": { "name": "Kitchener", "utility": "Kitchener Utilities, City of Kitchener", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "During road projects, the City may replace watermains and water service connections. The page does not mention lead.", "quote": "If watermain and water service connections are being replaced, we will extend a temporary water supply line to your house to ensure minimal service interruption.", "url": "https://www.kitchener.ca/roads-and-cycling/roads/how-road-construction-affects-you/", "source": "How road construction affects you | City of Kitchener", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "The page does not say whether lead pipes are targeted or which part of the service pipe is replaced." } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "The homeowner owns the water service pipe from the home to the curb stop (the shut-off valve), and the pipes and valves on either side of the meter.", "quote": "You, the homeowner, own the piping and valves on either side of the meter as well as the water service line from the home to the curb stop.", "url": "https://www.kitchenerutilities.ca/services/water/", "source": "Water | City of Kitchener Utilities", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Kitchener Utilities is responsible for the pipe from the shut-off valve to the watermain.", "quote": "The area from the shut-off valve to the main watermain is also our responsibility. If there is a leak on this section of pipe, we will repair it.", "url": "https://www.kitchenerutilities.ca/services/water/", "source": "Water | City of Kitchener Utilities", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Stated in the section on water leaks, not about lead replacement." } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "Replacing the water service pipe on private property needs a City building permit.", "quote": "You need a building permit to replace or install a new water, storm or sewer service connection on private property.", "url": "https://www.kitchener.ca/development-and-construction/building-permits/miscellaneous-permits-and-applications/", "source": "Miscellaneous permits and applications | City of Kitchener", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The permit fee is $95 minimum, or $0.59 per linear foot.", "quote": "permit fee: $95 minimum or $0.59 per linear foot", "url": "https://www.kitchener.ca/development-and-construction/building-permits/miscellaneous-permits-and-applications/", "source": "Miscellaneous permits and applications | City of Kitchener", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Fee for the 'Water, sewer, storm - new or replacement' permit. The page does not give the cost of the work itself." }, { "text": "A building permit is needed for any repair or replacement of your water service.", "quote": "Under the Municipal Code, a building permit is required for any repairs or replacement of your water service.", "url": "https://www.kitchenerutilities.ca/services/water/", "source": "Water | City of Kitchener Utilities", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "money_help": [], "how_to_apply": [] }, "testing": [ { "text": "Kitchener Utilities tests the water distribution system for lead every year.", "quote": "Kitchener Utilities annually tests Kitchener’s water distribution system for lead.", "url": "https://www.kitchenerutilities.ca/safety/your-safety/drinking-water-testing-for-lead/", "source": "Drinking water testing for lead | City of Kitchener Utilities", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Kitchener Utilities asks for volunteers for in-home lead testing.", "quote": "We are looking for volunteers to participate in our in-home lead testing program.", "url": "https://www.kitchenerutilities.ca/safety/your-safety/drinking-water-testing-for-lead/", "source": "Drinking water testing for lead | City of Kitchener Utilities", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Region of Waterloo staff come to your home at a set time and take a sample from your drinking water tap. You cannot use water for about 45 minutes.", "quote": "To participate in the testing, staff from the Region of Waterloo will need to come into your home to test your drinking water. The sampler will visit your home at a pre-arranged time to sample from your drinking water tap. You will not be able to use your water for about 45 minutes during the test.", "url": "https://www.kitchenerutilities.ca/safety/your-safety/drinking-water-testing-for-lead/", "source": "Drinking water testing for lead | City of Kitchener Utilities", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Fill out the online form to see if you qualify. Questions go to kitchenerwaterquality@kitchener.ca.", "quote": "Interested participants can fill out the form below to see if they qualify to participate. If you have questions regarding the program, email kitchenerwaterquality@kitchener.ca", "url": "https://www.kitchenerutilities.ca/safety/your-safety/drinking-water-testing-for-lead/", "source": "Drinking water testing for lead | City of Kitchener Utilities", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "You get the lab results. If lead is above the limits, Kitchener Utilities gives you more information.", "quote": "Laboratory results from the test will be shared with you. Should the results show lead levels above the limits, we will provide additional information on this.", "url": "https://www.kitchenerutilities.ca/safety/your-safety/drinking-water-testing-for-lead/", "source": "Drinking water testing for lead | City of Kitchener Utilities", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Volunteers get a $50 credit on their Kitchener Utilities bill.", "quote": "Volunteers will receive a $50 credit on their Kitchener Utilities bill after participating in the program.", "url": "https://www.kitchenerutilities.ca/safety/your-safety/drinking-water-testing-for-lead/", "source": "Drinking water testing for lead | City of Kitchener Utilities", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The credit is a limited-time offer: one per household, for the first 50 volunteers.", "quote": "This is a limited time offer, one per household and available to the first 50 volunteers only.", "url": "https://www.kitchenerutilities.ca/safety/your-safety/drinking-water-testing-for-lead/", "source": "Drinking water testing for lead | City of Kitchener Utilities", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Region of Waterloo Public Health advises that if you have lead pipes or solder, you have your water tested by a private laboratory.", "quote": "If you do, have your drinking water tested for lead by a private laboratory and consider replacing lead-containing materials.", "url": "https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/media/kgkhr0cb/lead_drinkingwater_schoolsnurseries.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water In Schools and Day Nurseries (Region of Waterloo Public Health)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "09/18 (code printed on the sheet)", "note": "From the Region's 2018 sheet on lead in schools and day nurseries, in its section on reducing exposure at home. The Region's main lead sheet address on regionofwaterloo.ca returned 404." } ], "filters": [ { "text": "Region of Waterloo Public Health advises a filter certified to remove lead. Look for the NSF-53 mark.", "quote": "Foundation (NSF) to remove lead. Look for the NSF-53 mark", "url": "https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/media/kgkhr0cb/lead_drinkingwater_schoolsnurseries.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water In Schools and Day Nurseries (Region of Waterloo Public Health)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "09/18 (code printed on the sheet)", "note": "Two-column PDF from 2018. The sentence begins on the line above: 'Use a filtration system certified by the National Sanitation'. Kitchener Utilities' own pages give no filter advice." }, { "text": "The Region says most end-of-tap filters are NSF-53 certified.", "quote": "Most end-of-tap filtration systems are NSF-53 certified.", "url": "https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/media/kgkhr0cb/lead_drinkingwater_schoolsnurseries.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water In Schools and Day Nurseries (Region of Waterloo Public Health)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "09/18 (code printed on the sheet)" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "In 2025, Kitchener took 244 plumbing (tap) samples for lead. Results ranged from below 0.200 to 40.8 µg/L.", "quote": "Plumbing 244 <0.200 – 40.8 ug/L 4 exceedances", "url": "https://media-003-ca.cdn.govstack.com/kitchener-ca/media/4fahurrv/city-of-kitchener-annual-drinking-water-report-2025.pdf", "source": "Kitchener Distribution System Annual Report 2025 (O. Reg. 170/03)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "what": "Highest lead result, plumbing samples under Schedule 15.1", "value": 40.8, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 244, "period": "January 1 to December 31, 2025", "above": "4 exceedances (the report does not name the limit; Ontario's standard is 10 µg/L)", "sample_kind": "Plumbing samples under Schedule 15.1 of Ontario Regulation 170/03; the report does not describe how they were taken" }, { "text": "4 of the 244 plumbing samples were reported as exceedances.", "quote": "Plumbing 244 <0.200 – 40.8 ug/L 4 exceedances", "url": "https://media-003-ca.cdn.govstack.com/kitchener-ca/media/4fahurrv/city-of-kitchener-annual-drinking-water-report-2025.pdf", "source": "Kitchener Distribution System Annual Report 2025 (O. Reg. 170/03)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The report does not say where the exceedances were or what was done.", "what": "Plumbing samples reported as exceedances", "value": 4, "unit": "count", "n": 244, "period": "January 1 to December 31, 2025", "above": "4 of 244 samples", "sample_kind": "Plumbing samples under Schedule 15.1 of Ontario Regulation 170/03; the report does not describe how they were taken" }, { "text": "Samples from Kitchener's water mains (25 samples) ranged from below 0.200 to 2.85 µg/L, with no exceedances.", "quote": "Distribution 25 <0.200 – 2.85 ug/L 0 exceedances", "url": "https://media-003-ca.cdn.govstack.com/kitchener-ca/media/4fahurrv/city-of-kitchener-annual-drinking-water-report-2025.pdf", "source": "Kitchener Distribution System Annual Report 2025 (O. Reg. 170/03)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "what": "Highest lead result, distribution system samples", "value": 2.85, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 25, "period": "January 1 to December 31, 2025", "above": "0 exceedances", "sample_kind": "Distribution system samples (water mains), not home taps" } ], "reduce_exposure": [ { "text": "The Region advises flushing taps for five minutes, or until the water runs cold, before using water for drinking or cooking.", "quote": "Flush water taps for five minutes, or until the water runs", "url": "https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/media/kgkhr0cb/lead_drinkingwater_schoolsnurseries.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water In Schools and Day Nurseries (Region of Waterloo Public Health)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "09/18 (code printed on the sheet)", "note": "Two-column PDF. The sentence goes on: 'cold, each morning before using the water for drinking or cooking, or any time the water has not been used for six hours or more.'" }, { "text": "Boiling water does not remove lead.", "quote": "Boiling the water does not remove lead.", "url": "https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/media/kgkhr0cb/lead_drinkingwater_schoolsnurseries.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water In Schools and Day Nurseries (Region of Waterloo Public Health)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "09/18 (code printed on the sheet)" } ], "limits": [ { "text": "Region of Waterloo Public Health says the Region's water is tested regularly and meets Ontario's lead standard of 10 µg/L.", "quote": "All potable water distributed by the Regional Municipality of Waterloo is regularly tested and meets Ontario’s drinking water standard for lead, 10 micrograms per litre.", "url": "https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/media/kgkhr0cb/lead_drinkingwater_schoolsnurseries.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water In Schools and Day Nurseries (Region of Waterloo Public Health)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "09/18 (code printed on the sheet)" }, { "text": "Ontario's regulation sets the drinking water standard for lead at 0.010 mg/L, which is 10 µg/L.", "quote": "36. Lead 0.010", "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/030169", "source": "O. Reg. 169/03 ONTARIO DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS | ontario.ca", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "e-Laws currency date October 29, 2026", "note": "Schedule 2 (Chemical Standards) of O. Reg. 169/03, where each standard is a maximum concentration in milligrams per litre." }, { "text": "Health Canada's guideline is lower: a maximum acceptable concentration of 0.005 mg/L (5 µg/L), measured in water taken at the tap.", "quote": "The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for total lead in drinking water is 0.005 mg/L (5 µg/L), based on a sample of water taken at the tap and using the appropriate protocol for the type of building being sampled.", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/guidelines-canadian-drinking-water-quality-guideline-technical-document-lead.html", "source": "Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Lead - Canada.ca", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2019-03-13" } ], "unclear": [ "We found no Kitchener page that describes a lead service replacement program, money help for the private side, or how to apply for a replacement.", "Kitchener's pages give the building permit fee for replacing a private service pipe, but not what the work itself costs.", "The 2025 annual report lists 4 plumbing exceedances but does not name the limit, say where they were, or say what was done. The 2025 council report on the City's meeting portal returned a bot check (status 403), so we did not read it.", "The in-home testing page asks for volunteers and says a form checks who qualifies, but it does not list the rules.", "Kitchener Utilities' pages offer no filter program and no filter advice. The Region of Waterloo Public Health advice we quote comes from a 2018 two-column sheet for schools and day nurseries, so some sentences could only be quoted in part. The Region's main lead sheet address returned 404." ] }, "montreal": { "name": "Montréal", "utility": "Ville de Montréal, Service de l’eau", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "The City has a large action plan to remove all lead water service lines in Montréal. Replacing the private part of the line, if it is lead, is now required.", "quote": "The city would like to minimize residents’ exposure to lead and has implemented a major action plan to eliminate lead water service lines within city limits. Replacing the private portion of your service line, if it is made of lead, is now required.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "The rule that the private part is replaced at the same time as the public part comes from article 58 of the City's By-law 20-030 on connections to the water and sewer systems.", "quote": "it will be replaced at the same time as the public portion by the city’s contractor, in accordance with article 58 du By-law concerning connections to the waterworks and sewer systems and storm water management (20-030)", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/why-replace-lead-service-lines-14431", "source": "Why replace lead service lines? | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 30, 2025", "note": "The by-law link on the page is marked as French only." }, { "text": "The City has identified the buildings likely to have a lead line: eight dwellings or fewer, built before 1970. Their residents get a letter explaining screening, work schedules and health tips.", "quote": "Buildings that are likely to be affected (buildings with eight or fewer dwellings that were built before 1970) were identified. Their residents receive a letter setting out the steps that will be taken to replace the service line, including screening, work schedules and health tips.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/topics/lead-your-water", "source": "Lead in your water | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "April 2, 2025" }, { "text": "From 2007 to 2024 the City screened more than 151,000 of the 175,000 buildings that may have a lead line. Half of the screenings found a line that was partly or fully lead. Translated from French.", "quote": "De 2007 à 2024, plus de 151 000 dépistages ont été réalisés parmi les 175 000 bâtiments ayant possiblement une entrée d’eau en plomb, soit un avancement de 87 % du plan d’action. 50 % se sont avérés positifs, signifiant que l’entrée d’eau était partiellement ou entièrement en plomb.", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D-5628624434565677513%3BcontentId%3D00000118506%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000118503%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D21479+Bilan+plomb+2024_VF_Web.pdf", "source": "2024 Entrées d'eau en plomb - Bilan (Suivi du plan d'action pour éliminer le plomb)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "note": "City annual review for 2024, the latest one listed in the City's document repository on 2026-11-03. The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000118503." }, { "text": "The City now estimates about 91,600 lead service lines to replace, up from 79,000 in its 2022 estimate. Translated from French.", "quote": "Cela signifie que le nombre d’entrées d’eau à remplacer est désormais estimé à environ 91 600, alors qu’il était évalué à 79 000 lors de la mise à jour du plan d’action en 2022.", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D-5628624434565677513%3BcontentId%3D00000118506%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000118503%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D21479+Bilan+plomb+2024_VF_Web.pdf", "source": "2024 Entrées d'eau en plomb - Bilan (Suivi du plan d'action pour éliminer le plomb)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "note": "The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000118503." }, { "text": "In 2024 the City replaced 1,839 public lead lines: 1,698 during planned work and 141 during repairs. That was 37% of the original yearly goal of 5,000. Translated from French.", "quote": "En 2024, 1 698 entrées d’eau en plomb ont été remplacées sur le domaine public dans le cadre de travaux planifiés, ainsi que 141 à la suite d’activités d’entretien (réparation de bris notamment). C’est donc un total de 1 839 remplacements, ou 37 % de l’objectif annuel initial de 5 000 remplacements.", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D-5628624434565677513%3BcontentId%3D00000118506%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000118503%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D21479+Bilan+plomb+2024_VF_Web.pdf", "source": "2024 Entrées d'eau en plomb - Bilan (Suivi du plan d'action pour éliminer le plomb)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "note": "The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000118503." }, { "text": "The City's water strategy for 2025 to 2034 sets a target of 4,000 lead line replacements a year. Translated from French.", "quote": "la nouvelle Stratégie montréalaise de l’eau prévoit donc un objectif de 4 000 remplacements annuels.", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D-5628624434565677513%3BcontentId%3D00000118506%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000118503%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D21479+Bilan+plomb+2024_VF_Web.pdf", "source": "2024 Entrées d'eau en plomb - Bilan (Suivi du plan d'action pour éliminer le plomb)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "note": "The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000118503." }, { "text": "The end date of the lead action plan has been pushed back to 2040. Translated from French.", "quote": "donc reportée à 2040. Cette échéance tient", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D-5628624434565677513%3BcontentId%3D00000118506%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000118503%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D21479+Bilan+plomb+2024_VF_Web.pdf", "source": "2024 Entrées d'eau en plomb - Bilan (Suivi du plan d'action pour éliminer le plomb)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "note": "The PDF has two columns, so the saved text splits this sentence across lines. The full sentence on the page reads: 'l’échéance du plan d’action se voit donc reportée à 2040.' The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000118503." } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "The City replaces the public part, from the water main to the property line, at no charge to the owner. This usually happens during road or water main work.", "quote": "This section is replaced by the city at no charge to the owner, usually when the road is being rebuilt or work is being done to repair and/or rebuild water lines.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "When the City replaces lead lines on public property, it also replaces the private part at the same time, and the owner pays for that part.", "quote": "When the city plans work to replace lead service lines on public property, the city also replaces the private portion at the same time at the owner’s expense.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "This has applied since 2021 under the City's by-law on water and sewer connections. It covers a private part made of lead, or of another non-compliant material that is or was in contact with lead.", "quote": "Since 2021, under the By-law concerning connections to the waterworks and sewer systems and storm water management, when replacement work for lead service lines on public property is scheduled, the city will also replace the private portion if it is made of lead or is made of another non-compliant material that is or has been in contact with lead.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "Owners can instead hire a contractor of their choice to replace the private part before the City reaches their street.", "quote": "As an owner, you can also have the contractor of your choice perform this work before the city arrives on your street.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "An owner who refuses must still replace the private part within 24 months of receiving the City's notice of non-compliance.", "quote": "He or she is legally obligated to replace the private portion of the building’s service line within 24 months of receiving the city’s notice of non-compliance or risk being found in violation.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "Fines under By-law 20-030 range from $500 to $2,000 for individuals and from $1,000 to $4,000 for companies.", "quote": "Penal provisions are set out in by-law 20-030 and statements of offence will be issued. Depending on the situation, individuals could be fined between $500 and $2,000, while companies could be fined between $1,000 and $4,000.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "When the City replaces the private part, the owner is billed by the metre. The City's average estimate, based on 2022 to 2025, is $1,200 to $1,400 per metre replaced, including administrative costs.", "quote": "The average amount estimated by the City of Montreal, based on data from 2022 to 2025, is between $1,200 and $1,400 per linear meter replaced, including administrative costs.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "The length billed is measured from the outside of the foundation wall to the property line.", "quote": "The number of linear metres of piping to be replaced is measured from the outside of the foundation wall to the property line.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "For work done in 2024, the rate was $1,285.94 per metre plus 15% administrative fees, for a total of $1,478.83 per metre. Translated from French.", "quote": "Pour l’année 2024, le coût est de 1 285,94 $ du mètre linéaire (m lin.) remplacé. Des frais administratifs de 15 % s’ajoutent au montant de la facture, portant ainsi le coût au mètre linéaire à 1 478,83 $.", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D-5628624434565677513%3BcontentId%3D00000118506%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000118503%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D21479+Bilan+plomb+2024_VF_Web.pdf", "source": "2024 Entrées d'eau en plomb - Bilan (Suivi du plan d'action pour éliminer le plomb)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "note": "The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000118503." }, { "text": "In 2024 the average bill sent to an owner was $3,427 and the median was $3,105, including fees and special costs. Translated from French.", "quote": "Le coût moyen d’une facture est de 3 427 $ (la médiane est à 3 105 $), incluant les frais administratifs et les coûts spéciaux, comparativement à 3 305 $ en 2023.", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D-5628624434565677513%3BcontentId%3D00000118506%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000118503%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D21479+Bilan+plomb+2024_VF_Web.pdf", "source": "2024 Entrées d'eau en plomb - Bilan (Suivi du plan d'action pour éliminer le plomb)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "note": "The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000118503." }, { "text": "The City sends the bill to the building owner the year after the work. Translated from French.", "quote": "La facture est envoyée au propriétaire de l’immeuble l’année suivant les travaux.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/articles/remplacer-son-entree-deau-en-plomb-votre-responsabilite-53006", "source": "Remplacer son entrée d'eau en plomb : votre responsabilité | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "page_updated": "23 février 2026", "note": "The English page says 'The owner will invoice the building owner', which looks like a wording error, so we used the French." } ], "money_help": [ { "text": "Owners can pay the bill in full when they get it, or pay the City in instalments over 15 years.", "quote": "Owners can pay their invoice as soon as they receive it or pay instalments to the city over a 15-year period.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "Paying in one payment adds no interest. If the bill is not paid in full by the due date, the whole amount moves to the owner's tax bill for a fixed 15 years.", "quote": "If the payment is made in one instalment, no interest fees will be added. However, if the invoice is not paid in full by the deadline, the total cost will be automatically transferred to the owner’s tax bill for a fixed term of 15 years.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "Over 15 years, interest is charged at the City's borrowing rate. The amount stays with the building and passes to the next owner if the building is sold.", "quote": "If the payment is spread out over 15 years, the interest rate is set according to the city’s borrowing rate and is calculated beginning January 1 of the billing year. The amount is associated with the building and will be transferred to the next owner if the building is sold.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "The City's RénoPlex renovation grant can pay $1,600 per building toward replacing a lead service line.", "quote": "Replace a lead water-service entry: $1,600 per building", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/renoplex-determine-grant-amounts-type-work-11573", "source": "RénoPlex: Determine grant amounts per type of work | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "August 18, 2026", "note": "An older City article (June 20, 2022) says the grant was $1,200. This amounts page (updated August 18, 2026) says $1,600, so we used it. (This quote occurs 2 times in the saved text.)" }, { "text": "To qualify for RénoPlex, the owner must apply for at least $3,000 in grants in total, so the lead line has to be part of a larger renovation.", "quote": "To be eligible for this program, you must apply for at least $3000 in grants. This means you’ll have to include other renovation work.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replace-your-lead-water-service-entry-montreal-provides-financial-support-11009", "source": "Replace your lead water-service entry: Montréal provides financial support | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 20, 2022", "note": "This article dates from June 20, 2022. The current RénoPlex page (June 19, 2026) still shows a $3,000 minimum for Blocks 1 and 2, the blocks that include lead line work." }, { "text": "RénoPlex has a property value limit: at or below $3,860 per square metre for Block 1, or at or below the City's low valuation threshold for Block 2, which is for buildings with 2 or more dwellings. Translated from French.", "quote": "La valeur du bâtiment doit être inférieure ou égale à 3 860 $/m2 pour avoir accès aux travaux des Blocs 1 et 3. Si le bâtiment compte 2 logements ou plus, sa valeur foncière doit être inférieure ou égale au seuil de faible valeur foncière pour avoir accès aux travaux du Bloc 2.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/programmes/renoplex-subventions-la-renovation-des-immeubles-de-1-5-logements", "source": "RénoPlex : subventions à la rénovation des immeubles de 1 à 5 logements | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "page_updated": "19 juin 2026", "note": "The English page says 'Blocks 1 to 3', which conflicts with its next sentence; the French says Blocks 1 and 3." }, { "text": "You must wait until the City accepts your RénoPlex application before starting work, or you may lose the grant. Allow 3 to 4 months for an answer.", "quote": "You must wait until you have received confirmation that your subsidy application has been accepted before starting your work. Otherwise, you may lose your right to the subisdy. Allow 3 to 4 months to receive confirmation.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/programs/renoplex-renovation-subsidies-buildings-1-to-5-dwellings", "source": "RénoPlex: Renovation subsidies for buildings with 1 to 5 dwellings | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 19, 2026" } ], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "To replace the private part yourself, contact your borough first. It will tell you what to do and which permits you need, such as an excavation permit. Then get quotes from three contractors, preferably accredited ones.", "quote": "You’ll need to contact your borough, which will tell you what to do and which permit you need (such as an excavation permit). You can then get quotes from three contractors (preferably accredited contractors) and have the work done at your convenience.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/replacing-your-water-service-line-your-responsibility-53006", "source": "Replacing your water service line is your responsibility | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 12, 2026" }, { "text": "If you replaced the private part yourself, you must tell the City what the new pipe is made of.", "quote": "Did you change the lead pipe on the private portion of your water service line? You must notify us of your replacement pipe.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/how-to/declare-material-used-private-section-water-service-line", "source": "Declare material used for the private section of the water service line | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The online declaration needs a montreal.ca account, two photos of the pipe, and proof that the new pipe is compliant, such as an invoice.", "quote": "You must have an account to complete this form. Attach both required photos and provide evidence that the new pipe material is compliant.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/how-to/declare-material-used-private-section-water-service-line", "source": "Declare material used for the private section of the water service line | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Owners who have already replaced the private part with copper can ask the City to replace a public part that may be lead.", "quote": "You can ask the city to replace the public portion of the water service line of the building you own if the following conditions are met: The private portion, from inside the building to your property line, has been replaced (copper). The public portion could be made of lead.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/how-to/ask-public-portion-lead-water-service-line-to-be-replaced", "source": "Ask for the public portion of a lead water service line to be replaced | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "January 29, 2026" }, { "text": "After that request, the City screens the water at the home. If it finds lead, the address goes on the replacement list, and the timing depends on the City's schedule and the number of requests.", "quote": "The city will then contact you to screen for lead at your home. If screening reveals lead in the water, your address will be placed on the city's list for service line replacement. Your service line will be replaced depending on the city's timetable and capacity to respond to the large volume of applications.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/how-to/ask-public-portion-lead-water-service-line-to-be-replaced", "source": "Ask for the public portion of a lead water service line to be replaced | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "January 29, 2026" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "The City screens buildings for lead lines every year from June to October. Residents of affected buildings get a notice before the City comes to test the water.", "quote": "This annual program takes place from June to October. Affected residents receive a notice letting them know that the city will be coming to their home to test the water.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/how-to/ask-your-water-service-line-to-be-screened-lead", "source": "Ask for your water service line to be screened for lead | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 11, 2023", "note": "The French version, updated July 27, 2026, says the same." }, { "text": "You can ask the City to screen your tap water without waiting for a notice if your building has eight dwellings or fewer and was built before 1970.", "quote": "To have your water screened for lead by the city, your building must meet both of the following criteria: Have eight dwellings or fewer Have been built before 1970", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/how-to/ask-your-water-service-line-to-be-screened-lead", "source": "Ask for your water service line to be screened for lead | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 11, 2023" }, { "text": "To ask, fill in the request form and send it by e-mail or by mail. The City then contacts you to book a test at your home.", "quote": "In order for your request to be reviewed, you must complete the form below and submit it by e-mail or postal mail. When the city receives your form, you will be contacted to plan a test at your home.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/how-to/ask-your-water-service-line-to-be-screened-lead", "source": "Ask for your water service line to be screened for lead | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 11, 2023" }, { "text": "The 2026 request form, in French, gives the e-mail address plomb@ville.montreal.qc.ca for sending it.", "quote": "Par courriel : plomb@ville.montreal.qc.ca", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D-3213540115990565058%3BcontentId%3D00000146405%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000146402%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D2551-08-Plomb-2026-Form-depistage_V2.pdf", "source": "Formulaire de demande de dépistage d'entrée d'eau en plomb (form 2551-08 (04-26))", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "note": "The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000146402." }, { "text": "You can also check the City's interactive map of lead service lines, which shows screening results.", "quote": "Would you like to know if your home’s water service line is made of lead? Check out our interactive map and see the results of service line screening in Montréal.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/services/map-lead-service-lines", "source": "Map of lead service lines | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "June 19, 2023", "note": "This description page was last updated June 19, 2023 and says the map includes 2022 screening results. The City's 2024 annual review says the map is now updated daily." }, { "text": "People who took part in the City's regulatory lead sampling got a letter with their result. Where lead was above 0.002 mg/L, occupants and owners were told how to lower exposure, for example with a filter. Translated from French.", "quote": "Les personnes ayant accepté de participer à la campagne d’analyse réglementaire ont reçu une lettre indiquant le résultat de la teneur en plomb mesurée. Les occupants et les propriétaires des bâtiments avec une concentration plus élevée que 0,002 mg/L en plomb ont été informés des mesures à mettre en place pour diminuer l’exposition au plomb, comme l’utilisation d’un dispositif de filtration.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/articles/qualite-et-usage-de-leau-potable-rapports-et-bilans-27872", "source": "Qualité et usage de l’eau potable : rapports et bilans | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "page_updated": "31 mars 2026" } ], "filters": [ { "text": "If screening finds a lead line, every household in the building is told how to ask for a free filter pitcher with five filters. After that, households buy their own replacement filters.", "quote": "If the screening result is positive, all households in the building will be informed of the process to request a free filtration device that includes a pitcher and five filters. Thereafter, each household must buy the additional filters in shops or online.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/why-replace-lead-service-lines-14431", "source": "Why replace lead service lines? | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 30, 2025" }, { "text": "Free pitcher, program 1: for homes that received a positive screening result in writing after October 23, 2019.", "quote": "Receive a positive screening result in writing, delivered to your mailbox or by hand, after October 23, 2019.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/lead-service-lines-health-recommendations-19864", "source": "Lead service lines: Health recommendations | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 20, 2023", "note": "The French version (updated April 2, 2025) says one starter kit, a pitcher and filters, per dwelling, with delivery in about 4 to 8 weeks." }, { "text": "Free filter, program 2: for people who live in a building that may have a lead line, are pregnant or the parent of a child under 6, and have a low family income under Statistics Canada's Market Basket Measure. Call 311 to check.", "quote": "Live in a building with a potential lead water inlet (see map); Be pregnant or the parent of a child under 6; Have a low family income according to Statistics Canada's Market Basket Measure (MBM) thresholds. To find out if you qualify, call 311.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/lead-service-lines-health-recommendations-19864", "source": "Lead service lines: Health recommendations | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 20, 2023" }, { "text": "A filter must be certified for lead reduction to NSF/ANSI standard 53, and installed and maintained as the maker says.", "quote": "These devices must be certified for lead reduction in accordance with NSF/ANSI standard 53, and the manufacturer’s installation and maintenance instructions must be followed carefully.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/lead-service-lines-health-recommendations-19864", "source": "Lead service lines: Health recommendations | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 20, 2023" }, { "text": "Use a filter until your whole service line has been replaced.", "quote": "Use a filter until your entire service line is fully replaced.", "url": "https://montreal.ca/en/articles/lead-service-lines-health-recommendations-19864", "source": "Lead service lines: Health recommendations | Ville de Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 20, 2023" }, { "text": "Since October 2019 the City has given out 60,907 pitchers and more than 305,000 filter cartridges for free. Translated from French.", "quote": "Depuis la mise en place du programme en octobre 2019, 60 907 pichets et plus de 305 000 cartouches de filtration ont été distribués gratuitement à la population.", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D-5628624434565677513%3BcontentId%3D00000118506%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000118503%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D21479+Bilan+plomb+2024_VF_Web.pdf", "source": "2024 Entrées d'eau en plomb - Bilan (Suivi du plan d'action pour éliminer le plomb)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "note": "The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000118503." } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "In 2025, 40 of the 53 lead samples the City had analysed in the Montréal distribution system were above the Québec standard of 0.005 mg/L. Translated from French.", "quote": "Plomb 50 53 40", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D9165292488176580386%3BcontentId%3D00000139480%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000139477%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D2025_Bilan_annuel_Montr%C3%A9al.pdf", "source": "2025 - Bilan annuel de la qualité de l'eau potable - Montréal", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "page_updated": "2026-01-30", "note": "Columns: minimum required by the regulation (50), samples analysed by an accredited lab (53), samples above the applicable standard (40). The standard shown in the exceedance table is 0,005 mg/L. The report's note says the City is characterising its network, 'ce qui résulte en de nombreux prélèvements dans des secteurs potentiellement problématiques pour le plomb', so this is not a citywide rate. The same report lists each result above the standard by street; we did not copy those. This system excludes Pierrefonds-Roxboro, L'Île-Bizard-Sainte-Geneviève and most of Lachine. The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000139477.", "what": "regulatory lead samples above the Québec standard (0.005 mg/L), Montréal distribution system (installation X0008084)", "value": 40, "unit": "count", "n": 53, "period": "2025", "above": "40 of 53 samples above 0.005 mg/L", "sample_kind": "regulatory samples of distributed water (articles 14, 14.1 and 15 of Québec's drinking water regulation); many taken in sectors likely to have lead" }, { "text": "In 2025, 2 of the 32 lead samples analysed in the Pierrefonds-Roxboro distribution system were above the Québec standard of 0.005 mg/L. This system also serves L'Île-Bizard-Sainte-Geneviève. Translated from French.", "quote": "Plomb 30 32 2", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D-9111637533245875650%3BcontentId%3D00000139510%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000139503%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D2025_Bilan_annuel_Pierrefonds-Roxboro.pdf", "source": "2025 - Bilan annuel de la qualité de l'eau potable - Pierrefonds-Roxboro", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "page_updated": "2026-01-30", "note": "Columns: minimum required (30), analysed by an accredited lab (32), above the standard (2). The report's note says the City is characterising its network, 'ce qui résulte en de nombreux prélèvements dans des secteurs potentiellement problématiques pour le plomb', so this is not a citywide rate. The same report lists each result above the standard by street; we did not copy those. The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000139503.", "what": "regulatory lead samples above the Québec standard (0.005 mg/L), Pierrefonds-Roxboro distribution system (installation X0009131)", "value": 2, "unit": "count", "n": 32, "period": "2025", "above": "2 of 32 samples above 0.005 mg/L", "sample_kind": "regulatory samples of distributed water (articles 14, 14.1 and 15 of Québec's drinking water regulation); many taken in sectors likely to have lead" }, { "text": "In 2025, 4 of the 21 lead samples analysed in the Lachine distribution system were above the Québec standard of 0.005 mg/L. Translated from French.", "quote": "Plomb 20 21 4", "url": "https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/resource/81f7ea6e-a056-4a2b-9d32-16511a3bb8d6/annotation%3Dfalse%3BcacheRandomizer%3D659557058530905991%3BcontentId%3D00000139476%3BjpegConversion%3Dfalse%3BmetadataCode%3Dcontent%3Bpreview%3Dfalse%3BrecordId%3D00000139473%3Bthumbnail%3Dfalse%3Bversion%3D1.0%3Bz-filename%3D2025_Bilan_annuel_Lachine.pdf", "source": "2025 - Bilan annuel de la qualité de l'eau potable - Lachine", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "lang": "fr", "page_updated": "2026-01-30", "note": "Columns: minimum required (20), analysed by an accredited lab (21), above the standard (4). The report's note says the City is characterising its network, 'ce qui résulte en de nombreux prélèvements dans des secteurs potentiellement problématiques pour le plomb', so this is not a citywide rate. The same report lists each result above the standard by street; we did not copy those. The fetched file link carries a random cache parameter; the City's document viewer page for it is https://mtl.ged.montreal.ca/constellio/?collection=mtlca&portal=REPDOCVDM#!displayDocument/00000139473.", "what": "regulatory lead samples above the Québec standard (0.005 mg/L), Lachine distribution system (installation X0008089)", "value": 4, "unit": "count", "n": 21, "period": "2025", "above": "4 of 21 samples above 0.005 mg/L", "sample_kind": "regulatory samples of distributed water (articles 14, 14.1 and 15 of Québec's drinking water regulation); many taken in sectors likely to have lead" } ], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "The pages do not say whether the City's lead screening at home is free.", "The English billing paragraph says 'The owner will invoice the building owner'. The French says the bill is sent to the building owner the year after the work. We followed the French.", "Two City pages give different RénoPlex amounts for a lead line: $1,200 (article from June 2022) and $1,600 per building (amounts page, August 2026). We used the newer page.", "Pages differ on small details: pitcher delivery takes about 8 weeks (English, 2023) or about 4 to 8 weeks (French, 2025); replacement work runs May to October (English, July 2025) or April to November (French, April 2025).", "The map description page (June 2023) says the map includes 2022 screening results, while the City's 2024 annual review says the map is now updated daily.", "The 2025 water quality reports say many lead samples are taken in areas likely to have lead pipes, so the share above the standard is not a citywide rate.", "The latest annual review of the lead plan we found is for 2024. No 2025 review was listed on 2026-11-03.", "The screening request form and the by-law are in French only." ] }, "niagara-falls": { "name": "Niagara Falls, NY", "utility": "Niagara Falls Water Board", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "The Niagara Falls Water Board's FAQ says confirmed lead lines will be part of a future replacement plan.", "quote": "Validated lead service lines will be included in a future lead service line replacement plan.", "url": "https://nfwb.org/app/uploads/2024/11/NFWB-Updated-LCRR-LCRI-FAQs.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Inventory Frequently Asked Questions (Niagara Falls Water Board)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The board received a $472,780 federal grant, through the state revolving fund, to find lead service lines and plan replacement.", "quote": "NFWB recently received $472,780 in grant funding through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Lead Service Line Replacement Program administered through the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund.", "url": "https://www.nfwb.org/reports/quality", "source": "Water Quality | Niagara Falls Water Board", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Galvanized lines need replacing only if they are, or may have been, downstream of a lead line.", "quote": "Only galvanized service lines that are currently, or were potentially previously, downstream of a lead service line will need to be replaced.", "url": "https://nfwb.org/app/uploads/2024/11/NFWB-Updated-LCRR-LCRI-FAQs.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Inventory Frequently Asked Questions (Niagara Falls Water Board)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "The homeowner owns the water line from the main to the house. The board may, at its discretion, fix leaks between the curb box and the main.", "quote": "The homeowner owns the water line from the main to the house. The homeowner is responsible for any maintenance on the water line from the house to the Curb Box (the shutoff valve located underground usually between the sidewalk and the curb). However, the NFWB, at its’ discretion will repair the leak between the Curb Box and water main, with the exception of thawing frozen lines.", "url": "https://nfwb.org/customer-resource-center/faq/", "source": "FAQ | Niagara Falls Water Board", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "Whether owners will pay is not decided. The board says it is studying the costs and will share a plan with customers.", "quote": "We are actively assessing the potential cost implications of complying with LCRR/LCRI as well as the potential contractors and plumbers that may be needed for replacements. The results of this assessment will be included in a plan that will be shared with our customers upon completion.", "url": "https://nfwb.org/app/uploads/2024/11/NFWB-Updated-LCRR-LCRI-FAQs.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Inventory Frequently Asked Questions (Niagara Falls Water Board)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear" } ], "money_help": [ { "text": "The board says its funding plan will try to use as many state and federal grants and low-interest loans as possible to limit costs to customers.", "quote": "A funding plan is being developed that will again maximize State and Federal grants and low interest financing to minimize the financial impacts on customers.", "url": "https://nfwb.org/app/uploads/2024/11/NFWB-Updated-LCRR-LCRI-FAQs.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Inventory Frequently Asked Questions (Niagara Falls Water Board)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "If the board's map shows your line as unknown, it asks you to fill in a short survey for its inventory.", "quote": "If you are shown as having an unknown material please help us improve our required inventory by completing a short survey at", "url": "https://www.nfwb.org/reports/quality", "source": "Water Quality | Niagara Falls Water Board", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If you cannot tell what your line is made of, the board can send someone to identify it. Call 716-283-9770 and leave a message, or email waterquality@nfwb.org.", "quote": "Contact NFWB at (tel.) 716-283-9770 and leave a message or email: waterquality@nfwb.org and we will coordinate a time for a NFWB employee or Contractor to come to your home and identify the material.", "url": "https://nfwb.org/app/uploads/2024/11/NFWB-Updated-LCRR-LCRI-FAQs.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Inventory Frequently Asked Questions (Niagara Falls Water Board)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "The 2025 report says to call the Water Board at 716-283-9770 to have your water tested. It does not say if there is a charge.", "quote": "If you are concerned about lead in your water and wish to have your water tested, contact the Niagara Falls Water Board at (716) 283- 9770.", "url": "https://nfwb.org/app/uploads/2026/05/2025-Annual-Drinking-Water-Quality-Report.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025 (Niagara Falls Water Board)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "Free or paid is not stated. The phone number is split across two lines in the PDF." }, { "text": "The board publishes a list of three licensed private labs that give sampling instructions, bottles and analysis.", "quote": "Listed below are licensed laboratories that provide information, sampling instructions and containers, and analyses for drinking water:", "url": "https://nfwb.org/app/uploads/2024/11/Niagara-Falls-Water-Board-Lead-in-Drinking-Water-Testing-Laboratories.pdf", "source": "Drinking Water Testing Locations (Niagara Falls Water Board)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The list names three private laboratories; we do not repeat the names." }, { "text": "Certified commercial labs can test tap water for lead. The state says it costs $15 to $50 per sample.", "quote": "Certified commercial laboratories can test for lead in drinking water. The cost ranges from $15 to $50 per sample.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024", "note": "'Certified commercial laboratories' links to the state's certified laboratory list (Wadsworth Center), which returned HTTP 503 on 2026-11-03." }, { "text": "Your local health department can answer questions about testing and lowering lead.", "quote": "Contact your local health department with questions about lead testing drinking water or for advice about lowering lead levels in your drinking water.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024" }, { "text": "In 2017 the state started a free lead testing pilot for residents, to run while funds lasted. Its sign-up page now returns 'Page Not Found', and the current lead page does not mention it.", "quote": "Testing under this pilot program will continue as long as funds are available.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2017/2017-03-01_free_lead_testing_pilot_program.htm", "source": "New York State Department of Health Announces Free Lead Testing Pilot Program", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "March 1, 2017", "note": "Press release dated March 1, 2017. The sign-up page it names (slug nys-doh-free-testing-pilot) returned HTTP 404 'Page Not Found' on 2026-11-03." } ], "filters": [ { "text": "The 2025 report says a filter certified to reduce lead is effective at lowering lead exposure.", "quote": "Using a filter, certified by an American National Standards Institute accredited certifier to reduce lead, is effective in reducing lead exposures.", "url": "https://nfwb.org/app/uploads/2026/05/2025-Annual-Drinking-Water-Quality-Report.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025 (Niagara Falls Water Board)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "The 2025 report repeats the latest lead sampling, from 2023: a 90th percentile of 5.9 µg/L from 30 sites, with 2 sites above the action level.", "quote": "In this case, the 90th percentile value was the 27th highest value (5.9 ug/l). The action level for lead was exceeded at two of the sites tested.", "url": "https://nfwb.org/app/uploads/2026/05/2025-Annual-Drinking-Water-Quality-Report.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025 (Niagara Falls Water Board)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The table row shows 5.92 ug/L with a range of <0.50 to 20.2. n is from footnote 1: 'During 2023 we collected and analyzed 30 samples for lead.'", "what": "90th percentile lead, tap samples, 2023 (latest round, shown in the 2025 report)", "value": 5.9, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 30, "period": "July to September 2023", "above": "2 of 30 sites above the action level", "sample_kind": null } ], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "The board has no replacement programme, owner cost, grant or sign-up yet; its FAQ says a plan will be shared later.", "Whether a lead test through the board (716-283-9770) is free is not stated.", "The lead result in the 2025 report comes from sampling in July to September 2023; there is no 2024 or 2025 lead round in it.", "No filter programme was found; only general filter advice." ] }, "norfolk": { "name": "Norfolk, Virginia", "utility": "City of Norfolk Department of Utilities", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "Norfolk Utilities runs a Lead Service Line Replacement programme. The first phase of construction began in December 2025.", "quote": "The City of Norfolk's Department of Utilities has a Lead Service Line Replacement (LSLR) program to remove lead service lines from the water system. The first phase of construction began December 2025.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/6310/Replacement-Program", "source": "Replacement Program | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The work is organised by Norfolk Utilities at no cost to residents.", "quote": "All work is organized by Norfolk Utilities and provided at no cost to residents", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/6310/Replacement-Program", "source": "Replacement Program | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "The owner owns the service line from the meter box, usually at the property line or in the sidewalk, to the plumbing inside the building.", "quote": "The property owner owns the service line from the meter box, typically at the property line or in the sidewalk, to the plumbing inside the building.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/5848/Frequently-Asked-Questions", "source": "Frequently Asked Questions | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The replacement page calls the other part 'the city-owned side of the lead service line'." }, { "text": "In the programme the city replaces both the private side and the public side.", "quote": "However, our Lead Service Line Replacement Program will replace both the private and public side service lines at no cost to you if you participate in this program.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/Faq.aspx?TID=154", "source": "Frequently Asked Questions: Utilities - New Replacement FAQs (City of Norfolk)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Any part of the line that is lead or galvanized requiring replacement (GRR) is replaced.", "quote": "Any part of the service line that is lead or GRR will be replaced.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/6310/Replacement-Program", "source": "Replacement Program | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If you replace your own part yourself, tell the city at (757) 664-6700. The city must then replace its side.", "quote": "If you want to independently replace the part of the service line that you own, please call us at (757) 664-6700. Once you tell us, we must replace the city-owned side of the lead service line.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/6310/Replacement-Program", "source": "Replacement Program | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "A replacement usually costs $5,000 to $10,000. In the city programme, the private side is replaced at no cost to the owner.", "quote": "Typically, the cost of replacing a lead service line ranges from between $5,000 and $10,000. Under our Lead Service Line Replacement Program, the private side lead service lines will be replaced at no cost you.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/Faq.aspx?TID=154", "source": "Frequently Asked Questions: Utilities - New Replacement FAQs (City of Norfolk)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If an owner replaces their part early on their own, they pay for it.", "quote": "If you want to replace the portion of the service line that you own (private side) at your cost, please notify us at (757) 664-6700.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/Faq.aspx?TID=154", "source": "Frequently Asked Questions: Utilities - New Replacement FAQs (City of Norfolk)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "money_help": [ { "text": "The city FAQ names a regional non-profit grant of up to $2,500 for eligible low-to-moderate income homeowners toward replacing the private side.", "quote": "which provides up to $2,500 in grant funding toward the costs of replacing private side lead service lines coming into the home for eligible low-to-moderate income homeowners.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/Faq.aspx?TID=154", "source": "Frequently Asked Questions: Utilities - New Replacement FAQs (City of Norfolk)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "The grant is run by a non-profit named on the FAQ, not by the city. The page does not say whether it is still open, and the city programme already covers the private side at no cost." } ], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "The city contacts customers with a known lead or galvanized-requiring-replacement line and asks for access.", "quote": "We will contact customers who have a known lead or GRR service line. We will ask for permission to access their property.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/6310/Replacement-Program", "source": "Replacement Program | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "After you sign an authorization form you are added to the schedule, and you book the work with the city's contractor.", "quote": "After customers sign an authorization form, they will be added to the replacement schedule. Norfolk Utilities will share updates about progress and timing. Customers will set their replacement appointment directly with the City's contractors.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/6310/Replacement-Program", "source": "Replacement Program | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Check your address on the city's service line map. If it says lead or galvanized requiring replacement, the city will contact you.", "quote": "If your address status says \"lead\" or \"galvanized requiring replacement\", then you will be contacted or visited by a team member to sign an authorization form.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/6309/View-Our-Current-Inventory-Map", "source": "Water Service Line Inventory | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The FAQ also says you can sign up on the programme page.", "quote": "please sign up at https://www.norfolk.gov/6310/Replacement-Program", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/Faq.aspx?TID=154", "source": "Frequently Asked Questions: Utilities - New Replacement FAQs (City of Norfolk)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "The programme page has no sign-up form; it says the city will contact customers." }, { "text": "Questions: call Utilities Customer Service at 757-664-6700 or email utwainq@norfolk.gov.", "quote": "Email Utilities utwainq@norfolk.gov Call Customer Service 757-664-6700", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/5834/Lead-Reduction-Resources", "source": "Lead Reduction Resources | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "If you are worried about lead, call the Water Quality Lab at 757-441-5678 for a sampling kit.", "quote": "If you are concerned about lead in your drinking water, contact the Water Quality Lab for a sampling kit by calling 757-441-5678", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/5848/Frequently-Asked-Questions", "source": "Frequently Asked Questions | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Norfolk Utilities offers free water quality testing for Norfolk water customers.", "quote": "Utilities’ water chemists offer free water quality testing for Norfolk water customers.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/633/Drinking-Water", "source": "Your Drinking Water | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "The Water Testing page lists bacteria, color, chlorine/chloramine, iron, pH and turbidity, not lead. Whether a lead test is free is not stated in one place." }, { "text": "A chemist can come to take a water sample from your home.", "quote": "Should you feel the need to have your water tested, please contact the Water Quality Lab at 757-441-5678 and a chemist will be happy to take a water sample from your home.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/662/Water-Testing", "source": "Water Testing | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "filters": [ { "text": "If you use a filter, it must be certified to both NSF 42 and NSF 53 to remove lead.", "quote": "home water treatment device, faucet, or pitcher filter that removes lead. The device must be both NSF 42 and NSF 53- certified to remove lead.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/5834/Lead-Reduction-Resources", "source": "Lead Reduction Resources | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "After a replacement, customers get flushing instructions and, if needed, instructions for using water filters.", "quote": "Customers will get instructions on how to flush their pipes and, if needed, how to use water filters.", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/6310/Replacement-Program", "source": "Replacement Program | City of Norfolk, Virginia - Official Website", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "Norfolk's latest report (2026, using 2023 sampling) gives the 90th percentile for lead as below 2.5 ppb. Results ranged from below 2.5 to 10 ppb. No homes were above the 15 ppb action level.", "quote": "Household plumbing < 2.5 - 10 Lead < 2.5 0 15 ppb 0", "url": "https://www.norfolk.gov/DocumentCenter/View/112961/Consumer-Confidence-Report-2026", "source": "City of Norfolk 2026 Consumer Confidence Report", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2026 (CY2025 report data)", "note": "Table 'Lead and Copper in Customers' Homes (Data from 2023 triennial sampling)'. Columns: Norfolk's Results(1) < 2.5; Measured Range < 2.5 - 10; Homes Exceeding Action Level 0; National Action Level 15; Unit ppb; MCLG 0. Footnote 1: compliance is measured at the 90th percentile. value is null because the report gives '< 2.5', below the reporting level, not an exact number. Page 8: 'The Norfolk Department of Utilities conducted a regulatory lead testing program from June through September 2023.'", "what": "90th percentile lead, Lead and Copper Rule tap samples in customers' homes", "value": null, "value_text": "< 2.5", "unit": "ppb", "n": null, "period": "2023 triennial sampling (June to September 2023), reported in the 2026 Consumer Confidence Report", "above": "0 homes above the 15 ppb action level", "sample_kind": "Tap samples in customers' homes from the triennial sampling period; the report does not say how many homes." } ], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "The replacement FAQ still says construction 'will begin in 2025'; the programme page says the first phase began in December 2025. The FAQ looks out of date.", "The FAQ says to sign up on the programme page, but that page has no sign-up form; it says the city will contact owners of known lead or galvanized-requiring-replacement lines.", "The Water Testing page lists bacteria, color, chlorine, iron, pH and turbidity, not lead. Other pages say to call the Water Quality Lab for a lead sampling kit. The pages do not say plainly whether a lead test is free.", "The 2026 report's lead results come from 2023 sampling and do not give the number of homes sampled. The 90th percentile is given only as '< 2.5' ppb.", "The city FAQ still calls the 10 ppb action level 'proposed'; EPA made it final in October 2024 (see us-federal).", "The grant of up to $2,500 named in the FAQ is run by a regional non-profit; the page does not say whether it is still open.", "We found no free filter programme on the city pages.", "Norfolk pages show no 'last updated' date." ] }, "nyc": { "name": "New York City", "utility": "NYC Department of Environmental Protection", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "DEP runs a Lead Service Line Replacement Program. It replaces private service lines made of lead or galvanized steel at eligible properties, at no cost to the owner.", "quote": "DEP is offering to replace private water service lines that are made of lead or galvanized steel at eligible properties at no cost to property owners", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The old line is replaced with a new copper line.", "quote": "Service lines will be replaced with a new, safe copper line.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "In September 2026 the City said replacements were under way in many Bronx neighbourhoods and in Flushing, Murray Hill, Queensboro Hill and East Flushing in Queens.", "quote": "Replacements are now underway in neighborhoods across the Bronx, including Melrose, Mott Haven, Concourse Village, Eastchester, Edenwald, Baychester, Williamsbridge, Norwood, Bedford Park, Pelham Gardens, Wakefield and Allerton, as well as Flushing, Murray Hill, Queensboro Hill and East Flushing in Queens.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/mayors-office/news/2026/09/mayor-mamdani--governor-hochul-announce-free-lead-pipe-replaceme", "source": "Mayor Mamdani, Governor Hochul Announce Free Lead Pipe Replacement Program Has Saved 900 Bronx and Queens Homeowners More Than $10,000 Each - NYC Mayor's Office", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "September 9, 2026" }, { "text": "The City said work will expand to Soundview in the Bronx and Borough Park in Brooklyn from 2027.", "quote": "Work will expand to Soundview in the Bronx and Borough Park in Brooklyn beginning in 2027.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/mayors-office/news/2026/09/mayor-mamdani--governor-hochul-announce-free-lead-pipe-replaceme", "source": "Mayor Mamdani, Governor Hochul Announce Free Lead Pipe Replacement Program Has Saved 900 Bronx and Queens Homeowners More Than $10,000 Each - NYC Mayor's Office", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "September 9, 2026" }, { "text": "NYC311 says the free DEP programme is available in Bronx Community Boards 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 and Queens Community Board 1.", "quote": "DEP's pilot program is free and currently available for homes in: Bronx Community Boards 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 Queens Community Board 1", "url": "https://portal.311.nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-03651", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Program · NYC311", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "The September 2026 release names other Queens neighbourhoods; the 311 list may be out of date." }, { "text": "If City crews find a lead or galvanized steel line while replacing a water main, DEP will replace it at no cost to the owner.", "quote": "In addition, when our contractors find a lead or galvanized steel water service line while replacing a water main in the street, we will work with the property owner to replace the line with a safe, new copper line at no cost to the property owner.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Owners contacted by the Department of Design and Construction during water and sewer main work are also eligible for a free replacement.", "quote": "If you are contacted by the Department of Design and Construction (DDC) you are also eligible for free lead service line replacement.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "In New York City the owner owns the whole service line, from the water main in the street to the meter in the home.", "quote": "Water service lines in New York City are owned by the individual property owners, from the water main in the street to the meter in the home.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/content/leadfree/pages/maps-faq", "source": "Water Service Line Map FAQs - LeadFreeNYC", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Owners are responsible for their whole service line.", "quote": "Property owners own and are responsible for their service line in its entirety.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "In the programme, DEP's contractor inspects the line first, then schedules the replacement.", "quote": "Our contractor will contact you to schedule an inspection of your service line to confirm that the line is made of lead and needs to be replaced.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Outside the programme, an owner can hire a licensed master plumber to replace a lead line or lead fixtures.", "quote": "The surest way to remove lead from your drinking water is to replace your lead water service line and/or lead plumbing fixtures in your home. You can do that by hiring a licensed master plumber.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/monitoring-for-lead.page", "source": "Lead and Drinking Water - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "Eligible owners in the programme are not charged on their water bill or property taxes.", "quote": "Not be charged on their water bills or property taxes", "url": "https://portal.311.nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-03651", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Program · NYC311", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "DEP says replacing a service line can cost more than $8,000.", "quote": "Replacing a service line can cost more than $8,000.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "City sources give different figures: more than $8,000 (this page), more than $10,000 (September 2026 release), $5,000 to $10,000 (2025 plan)." }, { "text": "Service lines are privately owned, so owners are normally responsible for replacing them.", "quote": "These lines are privately owned, meaning property owners are normally responsible for replacing them", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/mayors-office/news/2026/09/mayor-mamdani--governor-hochul-announce-free-lead-pipe-replaceme", "source": "Mayor Mamdani, Governor Hochul Announce Free Lead Pipe Replacement Program Has Saved 900 Bronx and Queens Homeowners More Than $10,000 Each - NYC Mayor's Office", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "September 9, 2026" }, { "text": "DEP's 2025 plan says that, outside the free programme, replacements needed under the new federal rule would be at the owner's expense.", "quote": "These replacements would be at the homeowner's expense.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/assets/dep/downloads/pdf/water/water-monitoring/monitoring-for-lead/lead-service-line-replacement-plan.pdf", "source": "New York City Lead Service Line Replacement Plan 2025", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "2025", "note": "A planned approach in the 2025 plan for lines not covered by free replacement, not a current rule." } ], "money_help": [ { "text": "DEP's 2025 plan says DEP and the NYC Water Board will look at a financing option, such as loans or instalments on the water bill, for low-income owners. The pages we read do not show it on offer yet.", "quote": "DEP and the NYC Water Board will explore the feasibility and effectiveness of mak- ing a financing option available to help low-income New Yorkers manage the cost of lead service line (LSL) replacements.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/assets/dep/downloads/pdf/water/water-monitoring/monitoring-for-lead/lead-service-line-replacement-plan.pdf", "source": "New York City Lead Service Line Replacement Plan 2025", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "2025", "note": "Planned, not an available programme on 2026-11-03. The quote keeps the line-break hyphen of the PDF." }, { "text": "For owners who are not eligible, DEP points to its optional Service Line Protection Program.", "quote": "To avoid unexpected service line repair costs, consider enrolling in the Service Line Protection Program", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "This is an optional paid repair warranty. The page does not say it pays to replace a lead line that is not broken." }, { "text": "That optional protection costs $84.84 a year for the water line.", "quote": "For water line protection, the rate is $84.84 per year and for sewer line protection, the rate is $143.04 per year.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/pay-my-bills/service-line-protection-program.page", "source": "Service Line Protection Program - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "Warranty for repairs, run through a private partner named on the page; coverage of lead replacement is not stated." } ], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "Only owners who get a letter from DEP can sign up.", "quote": "Only property owners who receive a letter from DEP are eligible to sign up for this program.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "You cannot ask to join the programme.", "quote": "You cannot request to participate in these programs.", "url": "https://portal.311.nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-03651", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Program · NYC311", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "DEP sends eligible owners a letter that explains how to sign up.", "quote": "Eligible property owners receive letters directly from DEP with instructions on how to sign up for the lead service line replacement program.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/mayors-office/news/2026/09/mayor-mamdani--governor-hochul-announce-free-lead-pipe-replaceme", "source": "Mayor Mamdani, Governor Hochul Announce Free Lead Pipe Replacement Program Has Saved 900 Bronx and Queens Homeowners More Than $10,000 Each - NYC Mayor's Office", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "September 9, 2026" }, { "text": "Owners with a letter can check eligibility and sign up online through DEP's portal.", "quote": "Property owners can visit our portal to determine their eligibility and sign up online:", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Only the owner can sign up. Tenants cannot, but can tell their landlord about the programme.", "quote": "Only property owners can sign up for lead service line replacement. Tenants may not sign up. If you are a tenant, please let your landlord know about this program.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement-signup.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Eligibility Check & Signup - NYC DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Signing a Right of Entry (consent) form gives DEP permission to do the work.", "quote": "The Right of Entry Form (also called a consent form) gives DEP permission to replace your lead service line.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement-signup.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Eligibility Check & Signup - NYC DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "For help, call 311 or 212-NEW-YORK (212-639-9675).", "quote": "Call 311 or 212-NEW-YORK (212-639-9675) for help.", "url": "https://portal.311.nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-03651", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Program · NYC311", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "NYC residents can get a free kit to test their tap water for lead through DEP's Free Residential Lead Testing Program.", "quote": "New York City residents can request a free kit to test drinking water for lead through the Free Residential Lead Testing Program.", "url": "https://portal.311.nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-01403", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water · NYC311", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "To order the free kit, call 311 or use the online form on NYC311.", "quote": "To request a free lead test kit, call 311 or fill in this online form", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-in-drinking-water-test-kit.page", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water Test Kit - NYC DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "One kit per household.", "quote": "Only one kit per household will be provided at this time.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-in-drinking-water-test-kit.page", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water Test Kit - NYC DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The kit comes by regular mail within 10 business days.", "quote": "Water Lead Test Kits are sent via regular mail and arrive within 10 business days of the request.", "url": "https://portal.311.nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-01403", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water · NYC311", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Return postage is prepaid and free. The box must go back through a post office or a mail carrier.", "quote": "To return your kit, use the pre-paid label that comes in the box. The return process is free of charge. The box will not fit into the mailbox and must be returned to any U.S. Post Office or handed to your Postal Carrier.", "url": "https://portal.311.nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-01403", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water · NYC311", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Results are mailed back within 30 days.", "quote": "The results will be mailed back to you within 30 days.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-in-drinking-water-test-kit.page", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water Test Kit - NYC DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The kit is for homes in New York City only, not businesses, schools or day cares.", "quote": "This kit is for testing water from New York City (NYC) homes only. DEP does not test businesses, schools, day cares, or homes outside NYC.", "url": "https://portal.311.nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-01403", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water · NYC311", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Questions about lead in drinking water: DEP's Lead Unit, 718-595-5364 or depleadunit@dep.nyc.gov.", "quote": "Call DEP’s Lead Unit at 718-595-5364 or email depleadunit@dep.nyc.gov", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-in-household-plumbing-faq.page", "source": "Lead in Household Plumbing Frequently Asked Questions - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "filters": [ { "text": "If you use a filter, DEP says to choose one tested and certified by an independent third party to remove lead.", "quote": "If you use a filter, be sure to get one that is tested and certified by an independent third party to remove lead", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-in-household-plumbing-faq.page", "source": "Lead in Household Plumbing Frequently Asked Questions - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "After a replacement under the programme, DEP gives a pitcher filter, cartridges and flushing instructions.", "quote": "We will provide a lead pitcher filter and cartridges, as well as flushing instructions, after replacement.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/water/lead-service-line-replacement.page", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement - DEP", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "DEP's plan says the pitcher filter is certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 53 and comes with three replacement cartridges, enough for at least six months.", "quote": "DEP also provides homeowners with a certified pitcher filter (NSF/ANSI Standard 53) and three replacement cartridges, enough for at least six months of use.", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/assets/dep/downloads/pdf/water/water-monitoring/monitoring-for-lead/lead-service-line-replacement-plan.pdf", "source": "New York City Lead Service Line Replacement Plan 2025", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2025" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "In 2025 the 90th percentile for lead in NYC's residential tap samples was 10 µg/L. 16 of 326 samples were above the 15 µg/L action level. The highest was 155 µg/L.", "quote": "Lead (µg/L) 15 0 10 ND - 155 16 out of 326 No Corrosion of household plumbing", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/assets/dep/downloads/pdf/water/drinking-water/drinking-water-supply-quality-report/2025-drinking-water-supply-quality-report.pdf", "source": "New York City Drinking Water Supply and Quality Report 2025", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2025 (report year on cover)", "note": "Table 'Lead and Copper Rule Residential Tap Sampling'. Columns: NYSDOH AL 15; EPA MCLG 0; 90% of your levels were less than 10; range ND - 155; # samples exceeding AL 16 out of 326; exceedance No. The report counts samples, not sites.", "what": "90th percentile lead, Lead and Copper Rule residential tap sampling", "value": 10, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 326, "period": "2025", "above": "16 of 326 samples above the 15 µg/L action level", "sample_kind": "Residential tap samples under the Lead and Copper Rule. The report does not say first-draw, stagnation time or how many sites had lead service lines." }, { "text": "Water sampled at street-curb stations in 2025 had lead from not detected up to 2.5 µg/L (313 samples, average not detected). This is water in the City system, not at the tap.", "quote": "Lead (µg/L) 15 (4) 0 313 ND - 2.5 ND No Erosion of natural deposits", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/assets/dep/downloads/pdf/water/drinking-water/drinking-water-supply-quality-report/2025-drinking-water-supply-quality-report.pdf", "source": "New York City Drinking Water Supply and Quality Report 2025", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2025 (report year on cover)", "note": "value is null because the report gives a range (ND - 2.5) and an average of ND, not one number. Footnote 4: 'The data presented in this table were collected from sampling stations at the street curb.'", "what": "Lead at distribution sampling stations at the street curb (range; average not detected)", "value": null, "value_text": "ND - 2.5", "unit": "µg/L", "n": 313, "period": "2025", "above": null, "sample_kind": "Sampling stations at the street curb (footnote 4); not home taps." } ], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "City pages give different replacement costs: more than $8,000 (DEP programme page), more than $10,000 (September 2026 release) and $5,000 to $10,000 (2025 plan).", "NYC311 lists the free programme for Bronx Community Boards 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 and Queens Community Board 1, while the September 2026 release names other Queens neighbourhoods and Brooklyn from 2027. The 311 list may be out of date.", "Owners who are not eligible have no grant, loan or payment plan on the pages we read. The 2025 plan only says DEP and the Water Board will explore financing.", "The Service Line Protection Program is a paid repair warranty. Its page does not say whether it pays to replace a lead line that is not broken.", "We found no general free filter programme. DEP gives a pitcher filter and cartridges only after a replacement under its programme.", "The 2025 report gives 16 of 326 samples above the action level but does not say how many homes were sampled or how many had lead service lines.", "The DEP web pages show no 'last updated' date." ] }, "regina": { "name": "Regina", "utility": "City of Regina", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "The City's Lead Service Connection Management Program is for residents who have a lead service connection, or lead levels above Health Canada's maximum acceptable concentration.", "quote": "The City’s Lead Service Connection Management Program is for residents who have a lead service connection or have higher lead levels than Health Canada’s maximum acceptable concentration.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The City is working to remove all lead service connections by 2036. It coordinates replacements with other City construction projects.", "quote": "The City is working to remove all lead service connections by 2036 to eliminate one key source of lead in drinking water. Replacements will be coordinated with corporate construction projects.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Since 2022, the private part of a lead connection is replaced when the City replaces the City-owned part next to it.", "quote": "Starting in 2022, privately-owned lead service connections will be replaced when the adjoining City-owned connection is replaced.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "In 2021 Council changed the Water Bylaw to make replacing a private lead connection mandatory when the City replaces its part.", "quote": "In 2021, City Council approved the amendment to the Water Bylaw for mandatory replacement of privately-owned lead service connections when City-owned lead service connections are replaced.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "About 95 per cent of City-owned water service connections are now lead-free. Each year the City writes to properties with a known City-owned lead connection.", "quote": "Each year, the City mails out letters to properties with known City-owned Lead Service Connections (LSC) along with information to reduce lead in their drinking water. Ninety-five per cent of City-owned water service connections today are lead-free.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "When the program began there were about 3,600 City-owned lead connections. About 2,000 remain, according to the City's October 2026 report.", "quote": "When the LSCMP program began, there were an estimated 3,600 City-owned LSCs. Currently, there are approximately 2,000 remaining.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/export/sites/Regina.ca/city-government/city-council/.galleries/pdfs/2026-10-07-Executive-Committee-Full-Agenda-5679_compressed.pdf", "source": "Executive Committee, Wednesday, October 7, 2026, full agenda (report EX26-102, Lead Service Connection Management Program - 2025 Update)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "October 7, 2026" }, { "text": "In 2025 the City removed 327 City-owned lead connections from its list, by replacing them or confirming they were not lead. Of these, 90 properties had lead on the private side, and only 35 owners replaced it at the same time as the City.", "quote": "In 2025, the City removed 327 City-owned LSCs from inventory through replacements and hydro- vacuum investigations at a cost of $3.75 million. Of these, 90 properties had private-side lead, and only 35 owners replaced at the same time as the City-side work as per program requirements.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/export/sites/Regina.ca/city-government/city-council/.galleries/pdfs/2026-10-07-Executive-Committee-Full-Agenda-5679_compressed.pdf", "source": "Executive Committee, Wednesday, October 7, 2026, full agenda (report EX26-102, Lead Service Connection Management Program - 2025 Update)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "October 7, 2026", "note": "The City's lead web page table shows 322 for total removals in 2025; the report and its Appendix A show 327." } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "The City is responsible for its part of the connection, from the water main to the property line. The owner is responsible for the private part, from the property line into the home, and for the plumbing inside.", "quote": "The City is responsible for the City-owned portion of the water service connection from the water main to the property line. The property owner is responsible for the privately owned portion of the water service connection from the property line into the home, as well as in-house plumbing.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/export/sites/Regina.ca/city-government/city-council/.galleries/pdfs/2026-10-07-Executive-Committee-Full-Agenda-5679_compressed.pdf", "source": "Executive Committee, Wednesday, October 7, 2026, full agenda (report EX26-102, Lead Service Connection Management Program - 2025 Update)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "October 7, 2026" }, { "text": "Owners who have already replaced the private side can have the City side replaced for free. Owners can ask the City to replace its lead part, but the private side must be changed first.", "quote": "Residents who have had the private side of their service connection replaced are eligible for free City side replacement. Property owners may request we replace the City-owned lead service connection, but the private side must be changed first.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Under the Water Bylaw, when the City requires a lead connection to be replaced, the owner can hire a City-approved contractor, or use the contractor the City hired for its own part.", "quote": "(a) choose to have the work done by a City approved contractor hired by and paid for by the property owner; or (b) choose to have the work done by the contractor retained by the City to replace the City’s portion from the water main to the boundary of the property line.", "url": "https://openregina.ca/dataset/604c0f6e-38ea-43f2-a054-0b1f8f237ba1/resource/41a18fa9-bb44-4bc6-9826-6cfe0347e60c/download/8942.pdf", "source": "The Regina Water Bylaw No. 8942, Office Consolidation, including amendments to December 19, 2025", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "December 19, 2025" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "The owner pays for the private-side replacement. The City's two payment plans cover private-side costs up to $10,000.", "quote": "The homeowner or developer covers the cost of the installation. However, the City has developed two (2) deferred payment options for private-side costs up to $10,000.00 for property owners.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "In October 2026, City staff proposed that owners pay no more than $5,000 for the private side, with the City covering the rest. The report says this would cost about $440,000 a year starting in 2027.", "quote": "The City is also proposing to help cover the cost of private side replacements so that residents would pay no more than $5,000. This subsidy is estimated to cost $440,000 per year starting in 2027 until the program is complete, which will require an increase of 0.25% in 2027.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/export/sites/Regina.ca/city-government/city-council/.galleries/pdfs/2026-10-07-Executive-Committee-Full-Agenda-5679_compressed.pdf", "source": "Executive Committee, Wednesday, October 7, 2026, full agenda (report EX26-102, Lead Service Connection Management Program - 2025 Update)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "October 7, 2026", "note": "Draft minutes of the October 14, 2026 Council meeting, in the October 28, 2026 agenda packet (item CR26-117), record this recommendation as 'CARRIED [Unanimous]'. The City's lead page did not mention the cap on 2026-11-03." }, { "text": "Bylaw 2026-64, on the agenda of the October 28, 2026 Council meeting, would change the $10,000 figure in the Water Bylaw's lead payment section to $5,000. We did not find a record of whether it passed.", "quote": "Clause 24.1(d) is amended by striking out “$10,000” and substituting “$5,000”.", "url": "https://reginafiles.blob.core.windows.net/media/council/2026-10-28%20City%20Council%20-%20Full%20Agenda-5695.pdf", "source": "City Council, October 28, 2026, full agenda (includes draft minutes of October 14, 2026 and Bylaw No. 2026-64)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "October 28, 2026", "note": "The agenda copy of the bylaw already shows October 28, 2026 on its reading lines; that is not proof it passed. The bylaw says it comes into force on the day of passage." } ], "money_help": [ { "text": "Owners can pay the contractor directly, or use a five-year or ten-year payment plan.", "quote": "The following payment options are available to property owners: Direct payment to the contractor at the time of replacement. Five-year equalized payment plan. 10-year equalized payment plan.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Five-year plan, interest free: the City pays the contractor, and one fifth of the cost is added to your property taxes each year for five years.", "quote": "Five-year Equalized Payment Plan (Interest Free) The City pays the contractor on your behalf. The total cost of replacement is divided into 5 equal payments. One fifth of the total cost is added to your property taxes each year for five years, or", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The page adds that owners on the Tax Installment Payment Plan Service can spread it over 60 monthly payments." }, { "text": "Ten-year plan, interest free: the City pays the contractor, and one tenth of the cost is added to your property taxes each year for ten years.", "quote": "Ten-year Equalized Payment Plan (Interest Free) The City pays the contractor on your behalf. The total cost of replacement is divided into 10 equal payments. One tenth of the total cost is added to your property taxes each year for ten years, or", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The page adds that owners on the Tax Installment Payment Plan Service can spread it over 120 monthly payments." }, { "text": "The ten-year plan used to be only for lower-income owners. In 2025 Council opened both plans to all property owners.", "quote": "The program offered deferred payment options for private-side replacements, including a five-year payment plan for all property owners and a ten-year payment plan for eligible lower-income property owners. In 2025, Council approved changes that made both the five-year and ten-year financing options available to all property owners.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/export/sites/Regina.ca/city-government/city-council/.galleries/pdfs/2026-10-07-Executive-Committee-Full-Agenda-5679_compressed.pdf", "source": "Executive Committee, Wednesday, October 7, 2026, full agenda (report EX26-102, Lead Service Connection Management Program - 2025 Update)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "October 7, 2026" }, { "text": "The Water Bylaw, as consolidated to December 19, 2025, still sets three conditions for the ten-year plan: the owner is an individual, the property is residential, and it is the owner's principal residence.", "quote": "to be eligible for a ten-year equalized payment plan program the taxpayer must also meet the following requirements: (a) the taxpayer must be an individual; (b) the property must be residential property; and (c) the property must be the principal residence of the taxpayer.", "url": "https://openregina.ca/dataset/604c0f6e-38ea-43f2-a054-0b1f8f237ba1/resource/41a18fa9-bb44-4bc6-9826-6cfe0347e60c/download/8942.pdf", "source": "The Regina Water Bylaw No. 8942, Office Consolidation, including amendments to December 19, 2025", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "December 19, 2025", "note": "The City's October 2026 report says both plans are available to all property owners. The bylaw text still lists these conditions for the ten-year plan." } ], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "The City tells residents the replacement details before construction starts and offers interest-free payment options.", "quote": "Residents will be notified of replacement details before any construction work begins and be provided with interest-free payment options for replacement.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "To use a payment plan, the owner must choose a contractor from the City's approved list, get at least three quotes, and sign a three-way agreement with the contractor and the City.", "quote": "If financing is going to be utilized, an applicant must choose one of the following approved contractors for Lead Service Connection services and obtain a minimum of three (3) quotes from the list below. Note: The homeowner or developer must enter into a three-way agreement with the contractor and the City of Regina.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Owners who have replaced the private side can apply online for City-side replacement. The form asks for a photo of the service pipe.", "quote": "Residents who have had the private side of their service connection replaced are eligible to request City side replacement. Information required to complete form: Photo of service connection", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/lead-service-connection-replacement-application/", "source": "City of Regina | City-Owned Lead Service Connection Replacement Application Form", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The City's map shows the share of City-owned lead connections by neighbourhood, not for one address. To ask about a specific address, call Service Regina at 306-777-7000.", "quote": "The search tool does not indicate whether the exact address searched has a lead service connection. Please contact Service Regina at 306-777-7000 directly for this information.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "For more information, e-mail waterworks@regina.ca or call Service Regina at 306-777-7000.", "quote": "For further information, please email waterworks@regina.ca , call Service Regina at 306-777-7000.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "The City has two programs to test tap water in homes for lead: the Random Testing Study and In-Home Point of Use Testing.", "quote": "The City of Regina has two testing programs to test tap water in your home - the Random Testing Study Program and the In-Home Point of Use Testing.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The Random Testing Study checks lead in homes built before 1960 and in areas known to have lead connections.", "quote": "Random Testing is conducted to assess lead levels in homes built before 1960 and properties found in areas that are known to have lead water service connections.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "A test visit takes about an hour, mostly a 30-minute wait with no water running in the house. Every participant gets the results for their home.", "quote": "Testing takes about an hour. The bulk of the time is due to a 30-minute stagnation period where no water can run in the house. All program participants will be provided with results for their home.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Eligible homes can ask for a free test with the online Water Testing Request Form. The City tests only in areas with known lead connections, and no water may be used in the home for six or more hours before the test.", "quote": "Eligible homes can request a free test. The City will only test in areas of known lead water service connections. There can be no water use in the home for six-plus hours prior to testing.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/water-testing-request-form/", "source": "City of Regina | Water Testing Request Form", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Building owners can get free In-Home Point of Use Testing if, for example, the building was built before 1960 in a neighbourhood with other lead lines, or records show a known public lead line.", "quote": "All building owners within Regina city limits are eligible to participate in free lead testing where: The building was constructed prior to 1960 and is in a neighbourhood where other lead lines are present. Records indicate that the building is served by a known public lead service line.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The page lists two more cases: the public lead line was replaced in the last five years, or the public line material is unknown in a pre-1960 building in a neighbourhood with public lead lines." }, { "text": "For In-Home Point of Use Testing, eligible owners get a lab requisition form by mail and take it to the Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory to get a sample kit.", "quote": "Eligible participants will receive a laboratory requisition form by mail. Complete the form and take the form to the Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory (RRPL) to obtain a sample kit.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The lab sends results directly to the homeowner. The City also receives them but reports them only in a combined form that does not identify homes.", "quote": "Results are sent from the laboratory directly to the individual homeowner. We also receive the results along with the invoice. The results are not be posted or shared and will only be reported in an aggregated manner that prevents the individual properties that participated from being identified.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "filters": [ { "text": "Free filters are available if your building has a known lead connection, on the City side or the private side, or if City testing found lead above Health Canada's guideline. They are meant for use until the lead pipe is replaced.", "quote": "If your building has a known lead service connection (City-owned or private-side), or if water testing through the City's Lead Testing Program has shown lead levels above Health Canada guidelines, you are eligible for free water filtration support to help ensure safe drinking water while awaiting lead pipe replacement.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "You can ask the City for a filter pitcher and a one-year supply of filters, delivered to your door.", "quote": "Request a filtered water pitcher and a one-year supply of filters from the City and have them delivered right to your door.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The online Water Filter Request Application asks for your utility account number and a photo of your service pipe. You can ask for a free tap-mounted filter or a pitcher.", "quote": "Request a free tap-mounted filter unit or filtered water pitcher and have it delivered to your door. Information required to complete form: Utility account number Photo of service connection", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/water-filter-request-application/", "source": "City of Regina | Water Filter Request Application Form", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If you buy your own filter or bulk water, you can get a rebate of up to $200 on your utility bill.", "quote": "Purchase your own tap-mounted unit, under-the-counter unit, fridge water-dispenser unit, filtered water pitcher, or purchase bulk water and receive a rebate of up to $200 on your utility bill.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Not all filters remove lead. A filter must be certified to NSF 53 for lead removal, or NSF 58 for reverse osmosis systems.", "quote": "Note: Not all filters are capable of removing lead. Ensure your filters are NSF 053 certified for the removal of lead for drinking water or NSF 058 certified for reverse osmosis systems.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/", "source": "City of Regina | Lead Service Connections", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "You may get a one-time refund of up to $350 for having a certified plumber install an under-sink filter.", "quote": "You may be eligible for a one-time reimbursement of up to $350 for the installation of an under-sink in-line water filter by a certified plumber.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/home-property/water/water/lead-service-connections/one-time-reimbursement-for-filter-installation/", "source": "City of Regina | One Time Reimbursement for Filter Installation", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "In 2025 the City gave out 725 filters and processed 90 rebates and one installation refund.", "quote": "In 2025, the City provided 725 filters and processed 90 rebates and one reimbursement.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/export/sites/Regina.ca/city-government/city-council/.galleries/pdfs/2026-10-07-Executive-Committee-Full-Agenda-5679_compressed.pdf", "source": "Executive Committee, Wednesday, October 7, 2026, full agenda (report EX26-102, Lead Service Connection Management Program - 2025 Update)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "October 7, 2026" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "In 2025 the City's Random Testing Study did 78 tests of home tap water. At 47 locations, one or more samples were above Health Canada's guideline of 5 micrograms per litre.", "quote": "In 2025, the City completed 78 RTS tests, including 71 from April to October. The testing showed 47 locations had one or more samples above the Health Canada guideline of five micrograms per litre.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/export/sites/Regina.ca/city-government/city-council/.galleries/pdfs/2026-10-07-Executive-Committee-Full-Agenda-5679_compressed.pdf", "source": "Executive Committee, Wednesday, October 7, 2026, full agenda (report EX26-102, Lead Service Connection Management Program - 2025 Update)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "October 7, 2026", "note": "n is the number of tests (78); the report counts locations above the guideline (47). Two more homes did resident-collected tests in 2025.", "what": "locations in the Random Testing Study with at least one tap sample above 5 µg/L", "value": 47, "unit": "count", "n": 78, "period": "2025", "above": "47 of 78 tested locations had one or more samples above 5 µg/L", "sample_kind": "Random Testing Study: City staff sample tap water in homes built before 1960 or in areas known to have lead connections; the visit includes a 30-minute stagnation period" }, { "text": "Who was tested: the City says it tests properties where residents asked to take part and that are in areas of the city with known lead service connections (report EX26-102, Appendix A).", "quote": "Administration completes testing at properties where residents expressed an interest in the program, and who live within the areas of the city with known LSCs.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/export/sites/Regina.ca/city-government/city-council/.galleries/pdfs/2026-10-07-Executive-Committee-Full-Agenda-5679_compressed.pdf", "source": "Executive Committee, Wednesday, October 7, 2026, full agenda (report EX26-102, Lead Service Connection Management Program - 2025 Update)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "October 7, 2026", "what": "how homes are chosen for the Random Testing Study", "value": null, "period": "2025" }, { "text": "How: each test takes 11 samples under different conditions that simulate how water is used (report EX26-102, Appendix A).", "quote": "The testing includes 11 samples taken during several different conditions to simulate various water use scenarios.", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/export/sites/Regina.ca/city-government/city-council/.galleries/pdfs/2026-10-07-Executive-Committee-Full-Agenda-5679_compressed.pdf", "source": "Executive Committee, Wednesday, October 7, 2026, full agenda (report EX26-102, Lead Service Connection Management Program - 2025 Update)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "October 7, 2026", "what": "samples per Random Testing Study test", "value": 11, "unit": "samples", "period": "2025" }, { "text": "Lead in Regina's water system averaged 0.0003 mg/L in 2025, across 18 regular sampling locations. The Health Canada guideline is 0.005 mg/L.", "quote": "Lead 0.0003 0.00005 0.005", "url": "https://www.regina.ca/export/sites/Regina.ca/home-property/water/.galleries/pdfs/2025-Drinking-Water-Quality-Report.pdf", "source": "2025 Drinking Water Quality Report", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2026", "note": "Columns: testing result 0.0003 mg/L, detection threshold 0.00005 mg/L, Health Canada guideline 0.005 mg/L. Report note: 'Results are an average of 18 regular sampling locations. No parameters or locations exceeded Health Canada guidelines.'", "what": "lead, voluntary testing, average of 18 regular distribution system sampling locations", "value": 0.0003, "unit": "mg/L", "n": null, "period": "2025", "above": "none; the report says no parameters or locations exceeded Health Canada guidelines", "sample_kind": "distribution system sampling locations, not home taps after stagnation" } ], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "Council approved a $5,000 cap on what an owner pays for the private side on October 14, 2026 (draft minutes), and the bylaw to set it was on the October 28, 2026 agenda. We found no record that it passed. The City's lead page still describes payment plans for costs up to $10,000, and the staff report suggests the subsidy starts in 2027.", "The City's lead page counts 322 lead connections removed in 2025, while the October 2026 report counts 327.", "The October 2026 report says both payment plans are open to all owners, but the consolidated Water Bylaw (to December 19, 2025) still limits the ten-year plan to individuals, residential property and the owner's principal residence.", "The testing page describes a 30-minute stagnation during the visit, while the request form says no water may be used for six or more hours before testing.", "The In-Home Point of Use section says to get the kit at the Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory (RRPL) but to return the sample to the 'SDCL'. The page does not explain the second name.", "The filter forms ask whether you are the registered owner, while the report says filters are for owners and occupants. The pages do not say how a tenant applies.", "The City publishes no per-home lead results. It reports combined counts only." ] }, "rochester": { "name": "Rochester, NY", "utility": "City of Rochester Water Bureau", "replacement": { "programme": [], "who_replaces": [], "owner_pays": [], "money_help": [], "how_to_apply": [] }, "testing": [ { "text": "Certified commercial labs can test tap water for lead. The state says it costs $15 to $50 per sample.", "quote": "Certified commercial laboratories can test for lead in drinking water. The cost ranges from $15 to $50 per sample.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024", "note": "'Certified commercial laboratories' links to the state's certified laboratory list (Wadsworth Center), which returned HTTP 503 on 2026-11-03." }, { "text": "Your local health department can answer questions about testing and lowering lead.", "quote": "Contact your local health department with questions about lead testing drinking water or for advice about lowering lead levels in your drinking water.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024" }, { "text": "In 2017 the state started a free lead testing pilot for residents, to run while funds lasted. Its sign-up page now returns 'Page Not Found', and the current lead page does not mention it.", "quote": "Testing under this pilot program will continue as long as funds are available.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2017/2017-03-01_free_lead_testing_pilot_program.htm", "source": "New York State Department of Health Announces Free Lead Testing Pilot Program", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "March 1, 2017", "note": "Press release dated March 1, 2017. The sign-up page it names (slug nys-doh-free-testing-pilot) returned HTTP 404 'Page Not Found' on 2026-11-03." } ], "filters": [], "measurements": [], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "Every City of Rochester page we tried (cityofrochester.gov) returned a bot challenge page (403) to the helper, and WebFetch was refused (403) as well. We did not try to get around the block, so no Rochester facts are recorded.", "Pages refused: the lead service line page (cityofrochester.gov/leadservice), the previous water quality reports page, and the 2025 Water Quality Report page.", "The city's open data portal page for water quality annual reports loads, but its list is built by script and the reports themselves sit on the blocked site.", "Not checked because of the block: who replaces which side, owner cost, grants, sign-up, testing, filters and the 2025 lead row." ] }, "schenectady": { "name": "Schenectady, NY", "utility": "City of Schenectady Water Department", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "Schenectady's FAQ says the city will develop a plan for all lead service lines, working with homeowners on the customer side.", "quote": "The City will develop a plan to address all identified lead service laterals. This will involve a partnership with the homeowners to address laterals on the Customer side.", "url": "https://www.cityofschenectady.gov/DocumentCenter/View/5882", "source": "Service Line Inventory Resident FAQ (City of Schenectady)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The city has published its service line inventory online, on a map you can search by address.", "quote": "The City has published their service line inventory online.", "url": "https://www.cityofschenectady.gov/DocumentCenter/View/5882", "source": "Service Line Inventory Resident FAQ (City of Schenectady)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The inventory work is paid for with federal and state money, so it does not affect water bills.", "quote": "The lead service line inventory is being funded by Federal and State sources and allows the City to perform this work without an impact on utility bills.", "url": "https://www.cityofschenectady.gov/DocumentCenter/View/5882", "source": "Service Line Inventory Resident FAQ (City of Schenectady)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "Under city code, the homeowner must repair and maintain the water service line.", "quote": "It is the home owner’s responsibility to repair and maintain the water and sewer laterals as per Chapter 255-30 of the City Code", "url": "https://www.cityofschenectady.gov/Faq.aspx?QID=84", "source": "FAQs - CivicPlus.CMS.FAQ", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If your line is lead, you can hire a licensed plumber at any time to do the work.", "quote": "You can also contact a licensed plumber at any time to perform the work for you.", "url": "https://www.cityofschenectady.gov/DocumentCenter/View/5882", "source": "Service Line Inventory Resident FAQ (City of Schenectady)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "City code says the owner keeps the service pipe in order at the owner's own cost, from the street main to the building.", "quote": "The owner of property into which water is introduced by a service pipe will be required to maintain, in perfect order, at his own cost and expense, said pipe from the corporation cock or street main to his own premises", "url": "https://www.cityofschenectady.gov/Faq.aspx?QID=84", "source": "FAQs - CivicPlus.CMS.FAQ", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "money_help": [], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "For questions about your water service, call the city at 518-382-5023.", "quote": "For additional information or questions about your water service, please reference the resources provided below and/or contact The City of Schenectady at 518-382-5023.", "url": "https://www.cityofschenectady.gov/220/Water-Department", "source": "Water Department | Schenectady, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "You can ask the city to send a contractor to identify your service line material.", "quote": "You can reach out to the City to schedule an in-person visit to have a City contractor identify the material.", "url": "https://www.cityofschenectady.gov/DocumentCenter/View/5882", "source": "Service Line Inventory Resident FAQ (City of Schenectady)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "The Water Department's April 2023 notice, titled as a free testing programme, invites residents to join its routine lead and copper sampling. If you join, you collect one tap sample twice over 12 months.", "quote": "If you decide to join, testing is easy and only requires you to collect a single water sample from your tap twice over the next 12 months.", "url": "https://www.cityofschenectady.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=569", "source": "Free Lead and Copper Testing Program • Schenectady, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2023-04-06", "note": "The notice is titled 'Free Lead and Copper Testing Program'. It asks residents to return a questionnaire to the Water Department at City Hall; it names a staff contact we do not repeat." }, { "text": "Certified commercial labs can test tap water for lead. The state says it costs $15 to $50 per sample.", "quote": "Certified commercial laboratories can test for lead in drinking water. The cost ranges from $15 to $50 per sample.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024", "note": "'Certified commercial laboratories' links to the state's certified laboratory list (Wadsworth Center), which returned HTTP 503 on 2026-11-03." }, { "text": "Your local health department can answer questions about testing and lowering lead.", "quote": "Contact your local health department with questions about lead testing drinking water or for advice about lowering lead levels in your drinking water.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024" }, { "text": "In 2017 the state started a free lead testing pilot for residents, to run while funds lasted. Its sign-up page now returns 'Page Not Found', and the current lead page does not mention it.", "quote": "Testing under this pilot program will continue as long as funds are available.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2017/2017-03-01_free_lead_testing_pilot_program.htm", "source": "New York State Department of Health Announces Free Lead Testing Pilot Program", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "March 1, 2017", "note": "Press release dated March 1, 2017. The sign-up page it names (slug nys-doh-free-testing-pilot) returned HTTP 404 'Page Not Found' on 2026-11-03." } ], "filters": [], "measurements": [], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "The city's pages describe no replacement programme, owner cost, grant or sign-up. The FAQ only says the city will develop a plan.", "The free testing notice dates from April 2023; the city's pages do not say whether the programme is still open or how a resident who is not chosen as a sample site can get a test.", "No filter programme or filter advice was found on the city's pages or in its 2025 report.", "The 2025 report's lead row conflicts with its own footnote: 60 Tier 1 locations versus 31 samples, and 'not exceeded at any site' versus a maximum of 0.0239 mg/L.", "A published figure is not used because its page is not clear: Schenectady's 2025 report gives a lead 90th percentile of 0.003 mg/L for July to September 2025. The report contradicts itself on how many sites were tested and whether any were above the action level." ] }, "syracuse": { "name": "Syracuse, NY", "utility": "City of Syracuse Department of Water", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "The City of Syracuse says it will replace the private lead service at about 2,900 homes where only the public part was changed before. The page does not say which year.", "quote": "This year, at approximately 2,900 homes citywide, including areas with the highest concentrations of older homes, the city will replace the private lead services at homes where, prior to the new EPA requirements, only the public infrastructure was changed.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/Departments/Water/Lead-Service-Replacement-Strategy", "source": "Lead Service Replacement Strategy – City of Syracuse", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "'This year' is not dated on the page. The November 2024 fact sheet gives about 2,700 homes for 'the next year'." }, { "text": "Three contracts to replace over 1,700 lead service lines started in 2025. Three more, for over 1,300 lines, were to be bid and awarded in 2026.", "quote": "contracts to replace over 1,700 lead service lines began in 2025 and three additional contracts to replace over 1,300 lead service lines are nearing design completion to be bid and awarded in 2026.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/departments/water/documents/reports/drinking-water-reports/newsletter-2025-final.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025 (City of Syracuse Department of Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The city says it is planning to replace all of its more than 17,000 lead service lines ahead of the federal deadline.", "quote": "is developing a plan to replace all 17,000+ lead service lines ahead of the EPA’s deadline.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/2/departments/water/documents/2025-12-notice-failure-to-replace-lead-service-lines.pdf", "source": "Failure to Replace Lead Service Lines Notice (City of Syracuse)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "December 2025" }, { "text": "Syracuse missed a state requirement: lead service lines it had to replace by July 2025 were not all done.", "quote": "Lead service line replacement should have been installed by July 2025, but installation is incomplete.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/2/departments/water/documents/2025-12-notice-failure-to-replace-lead-service-lines.pdf", "source": "Failure to Replace Lead Service Lines Notice (City of Syracuse)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "December 2025" }, { "text": "The city says it will finish the required number of replacements by fall 2026.", "quote": "The City of Syracuse will complete the replacement of the required number of lead service lines identified in this notice by Fall 2026.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/2/departments/water/documents/2025-12-notice-failure-to-replace-lead-service-lines.pdf", "source": "Failure to Replace Lead Service Lines Notice (City of Syracuse)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "December 2025" }, { "text": "The city plans the order of replacements with an equity score based mainly on race and income.", "quote": "The Equity Score is based on seven factors, primarily focusing on race and income.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/2/departments/water/documents/lead-factsheet-2.pdf", "source": "Lead Free Syracuse: Facts About Lead Water Service Lines", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "November 2024" }, { "text": "A city map shows where its contractor is replacing service lines. Each address shows as complete, scheduled or not yet scheduled.", "quote": "Below is information outlining what to expect during your service line replacement, along with a searchable database showing where the Department of Water’s contractor is currently replacing service lines.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/Departments/Water/Lead-Pipe-Construction-Dashboard", "source": "Lead Pipe Construction Dashboard – City of Syracuse", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "In the city's contracts, the city's contractor replaces the lead pipe on private property too. You must be home on the scheduled day.", "quote": "You must be home on the scheduled date and time for the lead pipe replacement on private property.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/Departments/Water/Lead-Pipe-Construction-Dashboard", "source": "Lead Pipe Construction Dashboard – City of Syracuse", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The 2025 report says a lead service line may be owned by the water system, the property owner, or both.", "quote": "An LSL may be owned by the water system, owned by the property owner, or both.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/departments/water/documents/reports/drinking-water-reports/newsletter-2025-final.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025 (City of Syracuse Department of Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "If you choose the city's Residential Lead Service Replacement Program to replace your own lead service, there is a $50 application fee that is not refunded if you do not sign the contract.", "quote": "Please remember that your $50 Application Fee cannot be refunded should you choose not to enter into the contract.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/departments/water/documents/reports/drinking-water-reports/newsletter-2025-final.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025 (City of Syracuse Department of Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "From section 7.1.1 of the 2025 report. The city's lead pages do not say whether owners pay anything when the city's contractor replaces the private side under the current contracts." } ], "money_help": [ { "text": "Under the city's Residential Lead Service Replacement Program, the city hires a plumber and adds the cost to your property tax bill, in one payment or over ten years at 7 percent interest a year.", "quote": "utilize the City Water Department’s Residential Lead Service Replacement Program whereby we will hire a plumber for you with the cost of the work being assessed to you on your property tax bill in a lump sum, or over a ten-year period at seven percent (7%) interest per year.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/departments/water/documents/reports/drinking-water-reports/newsletter-2025-final.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025 (City of Syracuse Department of Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "For questions about your service line or lead service line replacement, call the Water Department at 315-448-8354 or email waterlead@syr.gov.", "quote": "For information about what your service line material is, lead service line replacement, or to have your water tested, contact the City of Syracuse Water Department at (315) 448-8354 or email waterlead@syr.gov.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/Departments/Water/Lead-Free-Syracuse", "source": "Lead Free Syracuse – City of Syracuse", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "For the owner-paid replacement programme, the 2025 report says to call 315-448-8347 for questions or an application.", "quote": "If you have any questions about the program or need an application, please contact the City of Syracuse Department of Water at 315-448-8347.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/departments/water/documents/reports/drinking-water-reports/newsletter-2025-final.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025 (City of Syracuse Department of Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Look up your address on the city's service line map. If the material is unknown, send photos through the online survey.", "quote": "If your service material status is unknown, please upload a picture in the tab above entitled \"submit a survey\".", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/Departments/Water/Lead-Free-Syracuse", "source": "Lead Free Syracuse – City of Syracuse", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "The Water Department tests water at homes every six months. To volunteer for this testing, call 315-448-8360.", "quote": "The City of Syracuse Water Department conducts water sampling at residential properties every six months. If you are interested in volunteering for this testing, please call the City at (315) 448-8360.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/Departments/Water/Lead-Free-Syracuse", "source": "Lead Free Syracuse – City of Syracuse", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The December 2025 notice says to call 315-448-8354 or email WaterLead@syr.gov to have your water tested. It does not say whether this is free.", "quote": "Have your water tested. Contact us at 315-448-8354 or email WaterLead@syr.gov to have your water tested and to learn more about the lead levels in your drinking water.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/2/departments/water/documents/2025-12-notice-failure-to-replace-lead-service-lines.pdf", "source": "Failure to Replace Lead Service Lines Notice (City of Syracuse)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "December 2025", "note": "Free or paid is not stated." }, { "text": "You can also arrange a test with a private lab. The city's page lists three labs by phone.", "quote": "Alternatively, customers may arrange for their water to be tested by calling", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/Departments/Water/Lead-Free-Syracuse", "source": "Lead Free Syracuse – City of Syracuse", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The page names three private laboratories; we do not repeat the names." }, { "text": "Certified commercial labs can test tap water for lead. The state says it costs $15 to $50 per sample.", "quote": "Certified commercial laboratories can test for lead in drinking water. The cost ranges from $15 to $50 per sample.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024", "note": "'Certified commercial laboratories' links to the state's certified laboratory list (Wadsworth Center), which returned HTTP 503 on 2026-11-03." }, { "text": "Your local health department can answer questions about testing and lowering lead.", "quote": "Contact your local health department with questions about lead testing drinking water or for advice about lowering lead levels in your drinking water.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024" }, { "text": "In 2017 the state started a free lead testing pilot for residents, to run while funds lasted. Its sign-up page now returns 'Page Not Found', and the current lead page does not mention it.", "quote": "Testing under this pilot program will continue as long as funds are available.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2017/2017-03-01_free_lead_testing_pilot_program.htm", "source": "New York State Department of Health Announces Free Lead Testing Pilot Program", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "March 1, 2017", "note": "Press release dated March 1, 2017. The sign-up page it names (slug nys-doh-free-testing-pilot) returned HTTP 404 'Page Not Found' on 2026-11-03." } ], "filters": [ { "text": "The city and the Onondaga County Health Department give free water filters to households with children under six, pregnant women and other at-risk people.", "quote": "The City and the Onondaga County Health Department is distributing free water filters to households with children under six, pregnant women, and other at-risk individuals.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/Departments/Water/Lead-Free-Syracuse", "source": "Lead Free Syracuse – City of Syracuse", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Eligible households can ask for a filter by calling the Water Department at 315-448-8354.", "quote": "Eligible households can request a filter by calling the Water Department at 315-448-8354.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/Departments/Water/Lead-Free-Syracuse", "source": "Lead Free Syracuse – City of Syracuse", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If you use a filter, the city says it should be certified to remove lead.", "quote": "If you use a filter, it should be certified to remove lead.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/Departments/Water/Lead-Free-Syracuse", "source": "Lead Free Syracuse – City of Syracuse", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "In January to June 2025 the lead 90th percentile was 9 µg/L, under the 15 µg/L action level. The report says 7 of 120 sites were above the action level.", "quote": "In the monitoring period between January and June 2025, our Lead and Copper sampling revealed a 90th percentile level for lead of 9 ug/l, under the action level of 15 ug/l.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/departments/water/documents/reports/drinking-water-reports/newsletter-2025-final.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025 (City of Syracuse Department of Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "n and the count above come from table 6, note 3: 'In the monitoring period between January and June 2025, the action level for lead was exceeded at 7 of the 120 sites tested.' The city's Lead Service Replacement Strategy page lists 121 samples for this period.", "what": "90th percentile lead, tap samples, January to June 2025", "value": 9, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 120, "period": "January to June 2025", "above": "7 of 120 sites above the action level", "sample_kind": null }, { "text": "In July to December 2025 the lead 90th percentile was 12 µg/L, under the 15 µg/L action level. The report says 4 of 100 sites were above the action level.", "quote": "In the monitoring period between July and December 2025, our Lead and Copper sampling revealed a 90 th percentile level for lead of 12 ug/l, under the action level of 15 ug/l.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/departments/water/documents/reports/drinking-water-reports/newsletter-2025-final.pdf", "source": "Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025 (City of Syracuse Department of Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "n and the count above come from table 6, note 4: 'In the monitoring period between July and December 2025, the action level for lead was exceeded at 4 of the 100 sites tested.'", "what": "90th percentile lead, tap samples, July to December 2025", "value": 12, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 100, "period": "July to December 2025", "above": "4 of 100 sites above the action level", "sample_kind": null }, { "text": "The city's newest result, for the first half of 2026, is a lead 90th percentile of 6 ppb from 103 samples at homes with lead service lines. This is from a city news release, not the annual report.", "quote": "Under EPA public drinking water requirements, 103 samples were taken from homes with lead service lines from January to July of 2026. The 90th percentile results came in at 6 parts per billion (ppb), under the current EPA lead action level of 15 ppb.", "url": "https://www.syr.gov/News/Traffic-Infrastructure-News/Traffic-Infrastructure-2026/2026-08-20-Infrastructure-News-3-PM", "source": "Syracuse Meets EPA Lead Standard for the 4th Consecutive Period – City of Syracuse", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2026-08-20", "note": "The release does not give a count above the action level. The city's strategy page table lists this period as Jan.-June 2026 with 103 samples and 6 ppb.", "what": "90th percentile lead, tap samples, first half of 2026 (city release)", "value": 6, "unit": "ppb", "n": 103, "period": "January to June 2026 (release says 'January to July of 2026')", "above": null, "sample_kind": "homes with lead service lines; residents collected kitchen or bathroom tap samples and mailed them to the lab" } ], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "The city's lead pages do not say whether owners pay anything when the city's contractor replaces the private side under the current replacement contracts. The owner-paid tax-bill programme appears only in section 7.1.1 of the 2025 report.", "No grant or loan for owners is described on the city's pages, apart from the tax-bill payment option.", "Whether the city's lead test is free is not stated. Three phone numbers are given for testing: 315-448-8360 (volunteer sampling, Lead Free Syracuse page), 315-448-8354 (December 2025 notice and FAQ flyer) and 315-448-8347 (2025 report).", "The Lead Service Replacement Strategy page says 'this year' about 2,900 homes without giving a year; the November 2024 fact sheet says about 2,700 homes in 'the next year'.", "The strategy page lists 121 samples for January to June 2025; the 2025 report says 120." ] }, "toronto": { "name": "Toronto", "utility": "Toronto Water, City of Toronto", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "The Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program replaces the City's part of a lead water service pipe on a priority basis, if you commit to replacing your part.", "quote": "Residents who commit to replacing their portion of the pipe can apply to have the City replace its side on a priority basis.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/priority-lead-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 31, 2026" }, { "text": "The City also replaces its part of old water service pipes, including lead, with copper during planned road, sewer and watermain work.", "quote": "The City replaces the City-owned portion of the pipe (from the watermain to the property line) including replacing lead or galvanized steel with copper pipes during scheduled capital construction.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/capital-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Capital Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 31, 2022" }, { "text": "In 2025, the City counted 206 City-side lead pipe replacements under the priority program.", "quote": "Priority Lead 206 349 553 499 645 667", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/8f30-TW-Annual-Lead-Mitigation-Report-2025-aoda.pdf", "source": "2025 Annual Report – Lead in Drinking Water Mitigation Strategy (Toronto Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Row of Table 1, Lead Service Replacements. Columns are 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020." }, { "text": "At the end of 2025, the City estimated that about 13,664 City-owned lead service pipes remained.", "quote": "At the end of 2025, the number of City-owned or public-side lead water services remaining was estimated to be approximately 13,664.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/8f30-TW-Annual-Lead-Mitigation-Report-2025-aoda.pdf", "source": "2025 Annual Report – Lead in Drinking Water Mitigation Strategy (Toronto Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "The City owns the pipe from the watermain to the property line. The homeowner owns the pipe from the property line into the home.", "quote": "The part that the City owns runs from the watermain on the street to the property line. The part that the homeowner owns runs from the property line into the home.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/priority-lead-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 31, 2026" }, { "text": "You can have the City's contractor replace your part and the City's part at the same time.", "quote": "Contact the City's contractor and arrange to have them replace your side of the pipe and the City’s side at the same time.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/priority-lead-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 31, 2026", "note": "The contractor's contact details are on the City's contractors page. You still pay for your part." }, { "text": "Or you can hire your own contractor to replace your part first, and then apply.", "quote": "You can hire your own contractor to replace your side of the pipe first. Once this is done, you can apply to have the City replace its side.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/priority-lead-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 31, 2026" }, { "text": "Toronto Public Health strongly recommends replacing your part at the same time as the City replaces its part.", "quote": "Toronto Public Health strongly recommends replacing your side of the lead service pipe at the same time that the City is replacing its side.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 11, 2025" }, { "text": "Replacing only one part can cause a short-term rise in lead in your water.", "quote": "Cutting the pipe to replace just one side can cause particles of lead to enter drinking water, which can cause a temporary spike in lead levels.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 11, 2025" }, { "text": "The City is not responsible for work on private property.", "quote": "The City is not responsible for work completed on private property.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/priority-lead-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 31, 2026" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "You pay to replace the private part of the pipe. The City suggests getting several independent quotes.", "quote": "The costs for replacing the private side of the pipe is the homeowner’s responsibility. You are encouraged to obtain several independent quotes before choosing a contractor.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/priority-lead-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 31, 2026" }, { "text": "A 2020 City report said replacing the private part in Toronto typically cost $2,000 to $3,000, with some jobs costing less or more. Costs today may differ.", "quote": "Typically private side lead service line replacements in Toronto cost in the range of $2000 - $3000 with outliers on both lower and higher values, largely dependent on the length of the connection to the house and difficulty of accessing the line underground.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2020/ie/bgrd/backgroundfile-148107.pdf", "source": "Options Analysis for the Replacement of Residential Private side Lead Water Service Pipes (staff report IE14.9)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 22, 2020", "note": "Estimate in a staff report dated June 22, 2020." }, { "text": "If you want a larger City-side pipe (25 mm instead of the standard 19 mm), you pay for that upgrade after approval.", "quote": "The standard size for water services is 19 mm copper (3/4 inch). If you wish to increase the size of the City- owned section, you can apply and pay for this upgrade after your application has been approved.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/8b2f-PLWSRP-Applicationfinal2023.pdf", "source": "Application: Priority Lead Water Service Replacement (form 15-0029)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2023-02 (form revision printed on the form)", "note": "Optional. The form points to the City's water rates and fees page for the price." } ], "money_help": [ { "text": "We found no City loan, grant or payment plan for the private part. City Council did not adopt a proposed loan program in 2015.", "quote": "Ultimately, for various reasons, City Council did not adopt the loan program back in 2015 as designed, but rather directed staff to report back on other such methods that could be explored to promote the replacement of private side lead pipes.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2020/ie/bgrd/backgroundfile-148107.pdf", "source": "Options Analysis for the Replacement of Residential Private side Lead Water Service Pipes (staff report IE14.9)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "June 22, 2020", "note": "From a June 2020 staff report. None of the current City lead pages we read lists a loan, grant or payment plan for the private side." }, { "text": "In 2017, the City said its Toronto Renovates home repair program would consider private-side lead pipe replacement case by case, for eligible owners. We could not find a current City page for that program.", "quote": "This report stated that the Affordable Housing Office will continue to consider residential private-side lead water pipe replacement as part of the Toronto Renovates home repair program, on a case by case basis.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/8f30-TW-Annual-Lead-Mitigation-Report-2025-aoda.pdf", "source": "2025 Annual Report – Lead in Drinking Water Mitigation Strategy (Toronto Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "The 2025 report lists this as a June 20, 2017 committee decision. A 2020 City report said Toronto Renovates served lower-income seniors and persons with disabilities, was under review and had paused new assessment requests. The program's old page address now opens a general Financial Support for Homeowners page that does not mention it." } ], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "To check whether your pipe is lead, you can ask 311 to check City records. This can take up to 30 business days.", "quote": "You can also contact 311 to submit a service request to have staff check City records. This process may take up to 30 business days.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/priority-lead-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 31, 2026" }, { "text": "To apply, fill in the City's application form. If you are using the City's contractor, attach a signed agreement with them.", "quote": "A signed agreement with the City’s contractor indicating that the private side of the water service will be replaced at the same time that the City-owned portion will be replaced.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/8b2f-PLWSRP-Applicationfinal2023.pdf", "source": "Application: Priority Lead Water Service Replacement (form 15-0029)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2023-02 (form revision printed on the form)" }, { "text": "If you already replaced your part, attach proof, such as a contractor or plumber invoice or a home inspector's report.", "quote": "This can be done by supplying an invoice from a contractor or licensed plumber, or a home inspector’s report verifying that the private side of the water pipe is not lead.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/priority-lead-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 31, 2026" }, { "text": "Send the form and documents by mail, fax (416-392-7001) or email (leadpipes@toronto.ca).", "quote": "Please forward the completed application and all supporting documentation to: Mail: City of Toronto Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program PO Box 15266 STN BRM B Toronto, ON M7Y 2W1 Fax: 416-392-7001 Email: leadpipes@toronto.ca", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/8b2f-PLWSRP-Applicationfinal2023.pdf", "source": "Application: Priority Lead Water Service Replacement (form 15-0029)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2023-02 (form revision printed on the form)" }, { "text": "Approval depends on available funding.", "quote": "Approval is issued at the time all documentation is received and is subject to funding availability.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/8b2f-PLWSRP-Applicationfinal2023.pdf", "source": "Application: Priority Lead Water Service Replacement (form 15-0029)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2023-02 (form revision printed on the form)" }, { "text": "Processing can take up to two weeks.", "quote": "Applications may take up to two weeks to process.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/priority-lead-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 31, 2026" }, { "text": "Once approved, the City aims to replace its part within 12 weeks.", "quote": "Once the application is approved, the City aims to replace the City-owned portion of the water service pipe within 12 weeks.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/priority-lead-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 31, 2026" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "If your home was built before the mid-1950s, the City will test a tap water sample for lead for free.", "quote": "Residents who live in homes built before the mid-1950s can submit a tap water sample to the City for testing, free of charge, to help determine the amount of lead in the water.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/lead-testing-for-residents/", "source": "Lead Testing for Residents – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 16, 2026" }, { "text": "Call 311 to register for a lead testing kit. The kit has a sample container and instructions.", "quote": "Contact 311 to register for a lead testing kit. Each kit includes a water-sampling container and instructions on how to take a sample.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/lead-testing-for-residents/", "source": "Lead Testing for Residents – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 16, 2026" }, { "text": "Pick up the kit at one of four Toronto Public Health offices, Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.", "quote": "Pick up your lead testing kit up at one of the following Toronto Public Health locations, Monday to Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/lead-testing-for-residents/", "source": "Lead Testing for Residents – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 16, 2026", "note": "Offices listed on the page: North, 5100 Yonge St., 2nd floor; East, 1530 Markham Rd., 6th floor; South, 850 Coxwell Ave., by Security; West, 399 The West Mall, North Block, 4th floor." }, { "text": "Drop off your sample at one of three City sites, Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.", "quote": "Once you have collected your water sample, please drop it off for lead testing at one of the following locations Monday to Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/lead-testing-for-residents/", "source": "Lead Testing for Residents – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 16, 2026", "note": "Sites listed on the page: 30 Dee Ave. (bin inside the front doors); 399 The West Mall, North Block, 4th floor; 850 Coxwell Ave., by the Security desk." }, { "text": "The Toronto Water lab tests it. Results come by regular mail within 30 days after the lab gets the sample.", "quote": "You will be notified of the results by regular mail within 30 days of the sample being received by the Toronto Water laboratory.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/lead-testing-for-residents/", "source": "Lead Testing for Residents – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 16, 2026" }, { "text": "For questions, call 416-392-2894 or email waterqualityline@toronto.ca.", "quote": "If you need to speak with someone, please call 416-392-2894 or email waterqualityline@toronto.ca", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/lead-testing-for-residents/", "source": "Lead Testing for Residents – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 16, 2026" }, { "text": "If your result shows any lead, Toronto Water sends you an information package.", "quote": "Toronto Water (TW) continues to distribute information packages to all residents whose lead test results indicate any level of lead to encourage residents to take action when measured lead levels are above the laboratory method detection limit.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/8f30-TW-Annual-Lead-Mitigation-Report-2025-aoda.pdf", "source": "2025 Annual Report – Lead in Drinking Water Mitigation Strategy (Toronto Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "filters": [ { "text": "After you apply to the priority program, if the City's part is lead, you first get a free filter for lead removal in the mail.", "quote": "You will receive a letter to confirm that the City-owned portion of the water service pipe is lead. If it is, you will first receive a faucet filter for lead removal in the mail that you can use right away.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/priority-lead-water-service-replacement-program/", "source": "Priority Lead Water Service Replacement Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "July 31, 2026" }, { "text": "The City gives a free faucet filter whenever it replaces its part of a lead service pipe.", "quote": "The City provides a free faucet filter for lead removal to homeowners whenever the City-owned portion of a lead water service is replaced.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 11, 2025" }, { "text": "Toronto Water also gives a free filter when meter staff must cut into a lead pipe on private property to install a new meter.", "quote": "when water meter staff must cut into a lead water service on private property to install a new automated water meter", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/8f30-TW-Annual-Lead-Mitigation-Report-2025-aoda.pdf", "source": "2025 Annual Report – Lead in Drinking Water Mitigation Strategy (Toronto Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Toronto Public Health gives free filters to people in the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program.", "quote": "Toronto Public Health also distributes free filters to participants of the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 11, 2025" }, { "text": "Households with lead pipes may get a rebate toward a filter certified to NSF-053 for lead, or replacement cartridges.", "quote": "Residents that have lead pipes can apply for a rebate to help purchase an NSF-053 certified filter for lead removal and/or replacement cartridges if they meet all of the following criteria:", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 11, 2025" }, { "text": "All of these must apply: a child under six or a pregnant woman lives in the home; it is a single-family home, duplex or triplex; and household income is under $50,000 a year.", "quote": "There is child under six and/or a pregnant woman living in the home. The home is a single family, duplex or triplex building. The annual household income is less than $50,000.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 11, 2025" }, { "text": "The rebate is $100 a year.", "quote": "As well, an annual $100 rebate for the purchase of a NSF-053 certified faucet-mounted filter is available to high risk, low income residents.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/8f30-TW-Annual-Lead-Mitigation-Report-2025-aoda.pdf", "source": "2025 Annual Report – Lead in Drinking Water Mitigation Strategy (Toronto Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "For the $100 rebate, you must apply every year.", "quote": "for the $100 per year rebate, a household must apply yearly", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/98da-faucet-filter-rebate-application-form-AODA.pdf", "source": "Faucet Filter Rebate Program Information and Application (City of Toronto)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The rebate form asks for the original itemized receipt and a copy of each household member's latest Canada Revenue Agency notice of assessment. It is mailed to the Faucet Filter Rebate Program at the City's P.O. box shown on the form." }, { "text": "Use a filter certified to NSF-053 for lead, made for drinking water, and replace it as the maker recommends.", "quote": "Use a NSF-053 certified water filter to remove lead. Make sure the filter is designed for drinking water and is replaced regularly according to manufacturer’s recommendations.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 11, 2025" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "In 2025, the City tested tap water at 29 homes and businesses with known or suspected lead pipes. The highest lead result was 6.79 µg/L.", "quote": "Residential and Non-Residential Taps 29 6.79 <0.05 0.50 0", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/ontario-regulated-lead-testing-program/", "source": "Ontario Regulated Lead Testing Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 12, 2026", "note": "Table row: 29 locations; maximum 6.79, minimum <0.05, average 0.50 µg/L; 0 percent of samples above 10 µg/L. '<' means below the method detection limit.", "what": "Highest lead result, regulated tap samples at homes and businesses", "value": 6.79, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 29, "period": "January to December 2025 (Round 27)", "above": "0 percent of samples above Ontario's standard of 10 µg/L", "sample_kind": "Tap water at homes and businesses with known or suspected lead water services (one-litre samples, per the 2025 annual lead report)" }, { "text": "The average lead result at those 29 locations was 0.50 µg/L.", "quote": "Residential and Non-Residential Taps 29 6.79 <0.05 0.50 0", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/ontario-regulated-lead-testing-program/", "source": "Ontario Regulated Lead Testing Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 12, 2026", "what": "Average lead result, regulated tap samples at homes and businesses", "value": 0.5, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 29, "period": "January to December 2025 (Round 27)", "above": "0 percent of samples above Ontario's standard of 10 µg/L", "sample_kind": "Tap water at homes and businesses with known or suspected lead water services (one-litre samples, per the 2025 annual lead report)" }, { "text": "None of the 2025 samples from the 29 homes and businesses was above 10 µg/L.", "quote": "Of the 29 homes and businesses tested, none of the samples exceeded 10 parts per billion (ppb).", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/8f30-TW-Annual-Lead-Mitigation-Report-2025-aoda.pdf", "source": "2025 Annual Report – Lead in Drinking Water Mitigation Strategy (Toronto Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "what": "Samples above Ontario's standard (10 µg/L), regulated tap samples", "value": 0, "unit": "count", "n": 29, "period": "2025", "above": "0 of 29 homes and businesses", "sample_kind": "Tap water at homes and businesses with known or suspected lead water services (one-litre samples, per the 2025 annual lead report)" }, { "text": "One home's sample was above Health Canada's guideline of 5 µg/L in 2025.", "quote": "Based on the 2025 regulated test results, one residential sample (or 2.1% of the one litre samples collected) exceeded 5 ppb.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/8f30-TW-Annual-Lead-Mitigation-Report-2025-aoda.pdf", "source": "2025 Annual Report – Lead in Drinking Water Mitigation Strategy (Toronto Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The report does not state how many one-litre samples were collected.", "what": "Samples above Health Canada's guideline (5 µg/L), regulated tap samples", "value": 1, "unit": "count", "n": null, "period": "2025", "above": "1 residential sample above 5 µg/L, given as 2.1 percent of the one-litre samples", "sample_kind": "Tap water at homes and businesses with known or suspected lead water services (one-litre samples, per the 2025 annual lead report)" }, { "text": "Samples from the City's water mains (12 locations) had a highest lead result of 0.36 µg/L.", "quote": "Distribution System 12 0.36 <0.05 0.10 0", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/ontario-regulated-lead-testing-program/", "source": "Ontario Regulated Lead Testing Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 12, 2026", "what": "Highest lead result, distribution system samples", "value": 0.36, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 12, "period": "January to December 2025 (Round 27)", "above": "0 percent of samples above Ontario's standard of 10 µg/L", "sample_kind": "Distribution system (water mains), not home taps" }, { "text": "The City's 2025 drinking water system annual report lists 29 plumbing samples for lead, from below detection to 0.0068 mg/L, with no exceedances.", "quote": "Plumbing 29 0 – 0.0068 mg/L None", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/935d-2025-Drinking-Water-System-Annual-Report.pdf", "source": "City of Toronto Drinking Water System Annual Report 2025 (O. Reg. 170/03)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "A result of 0 in the report means below the detection or reporting limit. 0.0068 mg/L is 6.8 µg/L; these appear to be the same 2025 samples as on the regulated results page.", "what": "Range of lead results, plumbing samples under Schedule 15.1 (O. Reg. 170/03 annual report)", "value": 0.0068, "unit": "mg/L", "n": 29, "period": "January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025", "above": "None (no exceedances)", "sample_kind": "Plumbing samples under Schedule 15.1 of Ontario Regulation 170/03" } ], "reduce_exposure": [ { "text": "If water has sat for a few hours, run the cold tap for at least five minutes before drinking.", "quote": "If it has been a few hours since you have used water, run the cold water tap for at least five minutes. This will pull fresh water from the watermain into the pipes.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 11, 2025" }, { "text": "Use cold water for drinking, cooking and baby formula. Hot water picks up more lead.", "quote": "Use cold water for drinking, cooking and preparing baby formula. Lead in pipes dissolves more readily into hot water than into cold water.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 11, 2025" }, { "text": "For baby formula, use cold filtered tap water. Until you have a filter, consider bottled water or ready-to-feed formula.", "quote": "If you are feeding your baby formula, use cold filtered tap water. Until you have a filter, consider using bottled water for making baby formula, or ready-to-feed formula.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "June 11, 2025" } ], "limits": [ { "text": "Toronto compares its results with Ontario's standard for lead, 10 µg/L.", "quote": "Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standard for Lead = 10 ug/L (micrograms per litre)", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/water-environment/tap-water-in-toronto/lead-drinking-water/ontario-regulated-lead-testing-program/", "source": "Ontario Regulated Lead Testing Program – City of Toronto", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 12, 2026" }, { "text": "In Ontario, a water system complies if no more than 10 percent of samples are above 10 µg/L. Health Canada's guideline is lower, 5 µg/L.", "quote": "In Ontario, a drinking water system complies with lead regulations when no more than 10 percent of the samples exceed the limit of 10 ppb. In 2019, Health Canada lowered the Canadian Drinking Water Guideline limit for lead in drinking water to 5 ppb.", "url": "https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/8f30-TW-Annual-Lead-Mitigation-Report-2025-aoda.pdf", "source": "2025 Annual Report – Lead in Drinking Water Mitigation Strategy (Toronto Water)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "1 ppb is the same as 1 µg/L in water." }, { "text": "Ontario's regulation sets the drinking water standard for lead at 0.010 mg/L, which is 10 µg/L.", "quote": "36. Lead 0.010", "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/030169", "source": "O. Reg. 169/03 ONTARIO DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS | ontario.ca", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "e-Laws currency date October 29, 2026", "note": "Schedule 2 (Chemical Standards) of O. Reg. 169/03, where each standard is a maximum concentration in milligrams per litre." }, { "text": "Health Canada's guideline is lower: a maximum acceptable concentration of 0.005 mg/L (5 µg/L), measured in water taken at the tap.", "quote": "The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for total lead in drinking water is 0.005 mg/L (5 µg/L), based on a sample of water taken at the tap and using the appropriate protocol for the type of building being sampled.", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/guidelines-canadian-drinking-water-quality-guideline-technical-document-lead.html", "source": "Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Lead - Canada.ca", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2019-03-13" } ], "unclear": [ "The City's main lead page (last modified June 11, 2025) says just under 16,000 City-owned lead service pipes remain. The 2025 annual report estimates about 13,664 at the end of 2025.", "No current City page we read lists a loan, grant or payment plan for the private side. The 2025 report lists past Council decisions on such options from 2014 to 2020, but no current program.", "The pages do not say in plain words that the City's part is replaced at no cost to the owner. They say only that the owner pays for the private part.", "The rebate form shows no date. It also describes a $50 one-time rebate for homes whose City-side lead pipe was replaced in the last six months. The City's lead page and the 2025 report mention only the $100 yearly rebate.", "The 2025 report gives the one sample above 5 µg/L as 2.1 percent of the one-litre samples, but does not say how many one-litre samples were taken. The results page and the annual report count 29 locations or samples.", "The 2025 report says results of the free resident tests are posted on the City's Open Data site. We did not use that raw data.", "The link to the 2020 options report in the 2025 report (http) returned a server error (status 500). The https address of the same file worked." ] }, "troy": { "name": "Troy, NY", "utility": "City of Troy Department of Public Utilities (DPU)", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "Each year Troy's Department of Public Utilities replaces lead service pipes together with sidewalk and street paving projects.", "quote": "Each year, DPU replaces lead service pipes in conjunction with other construction projects including sidewalk replacement (CDBG) and street paving (CHIPS) programs.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/1508/Lead-Service-Line-Replacement-Program", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Program | Troy, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Troy estimates there are 3,000 to 4,000 lead service lines in homes across the city.", "quote": "We are presently estimating that there are 3,000 to 4,000 lead service lines in homes across the City.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2814", "source": "Lead Water Service Line News, March 2025 (Troy DPU)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 2025" }, { "text": "Troy funded the programme in March 2023 through its water fund budget and a capital projects fund for lead service lines.", "quote": "Troy authorized funding for this program on March 2, 2023, through a 2023 Water Fund Budget and The Capital Projects Fund for the Replacement of Lead Service Lines.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/789", "source": "Lead Service Lines Frequently Asked Questions (Troy Department of Public Utilities)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "The city owns the part of the line from the water main to the curb stop. The owner owns the part from the curb stop into the building.", "quote": "The portion of the water service line between the water main and the curb stop is owned by the City, while the customer owns the portion from the curb stop into the building.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/1508/Lead-Service-Line-Replacement-Program", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Program | Troy, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If no city project is planned on your street, you can replace your part yourself at your own cost. DPU replaces the city part if it is also lead.", "quote": "In this case, the property owner is responsible for the cost of replacing the customer-owned portion of the line. If the city-owned portion is also made of lead, DPU is responsible for replacing that portion.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/1508/Lead-Service-Line-Replacement-Program", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Program | Troy, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "During the city's planned projects, both parts of a lead service line are replaced free for all residents, whatever their income.", "quote": "During these planned projects, replacement of both portions of a lead service line is free for all residents, regardless of income.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/1508/Lead-Service-Line-Replacement-Program", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Program | Troy, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The March 2025 bulletin says the city is committed to replacing all lead service lines at no direct cost to the building owner.", "quote": "As you may be aware the City is committed to replacing all lead service lines in the City at no direct cost to the building owner.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2814", "source": "Lead Water Service Line News, March 2025 (Troy DPU)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 2025" } ], "money_help": [], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "For information about the city's planned replacement projects, call 518-237-0343 or email maps@troyny.gov.", "quote": "For more information about these projects, call 518-237-0343 or email maps@troyny.gov", "url": "https://troyny.gov/1508/Lead-Service-Line-Replacement-Program", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Program | Troy, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If DPU cannot replace its part at the same time as yours, it replaces it as soon as it can, and no later than 45 days after you replace your part.", "quote": "If simultaneous replacement is not possible, DPU will replace its portion as soon as practicable but no later than 45 days from the date the customer replaces its portion.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/1508/Lead-Service-Line-Replacement-Program", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Program | Troy, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The page asks owners to tell DPU first, using the 'Notification of customer-side replacement' form." }, { "text": "You can tell DPU what your line is made of, or ask DPU to check it by calling 518-237-0343.", "quote": "You may also ask DPU to check the material of your water service line by calling 518-237-0343.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/1342/Lead-Drinking-Water", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water | Troy, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "Troy tests a limited number of homes for lead free of charge. You must follow the sampling steps. Call the Water Laboratory at 518-237-0343.", "quote": "Troy can test a limited amount of water services for the presence of lead at no cost to you. While this service is provided free of charge, the homeowner or tenant must be responsible for ensuring that the proper procedure is followed. If you wish to take advantage of this free testing, please contact our Water Laboratory at (518) 237-0343.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/1342/Lead-Drinking-Water", "source": "Lead & Drinking Water | Troy, NY", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Certified commercial labs can test tap water for lead. The state says it costs $15 to $50 per sample.", "quote": "Certified commercial laboratories can test for lead in drinking water. The cost ranges from $15 to $50 per sample.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024", "note": "'Certified commercial laboratories' links to the state's certified laboratory list (Wadsworth Center), which returned HTTP 503 on 2026-11-03." }, { "text": "Your local health department can answer questions about testing and lowering lead.", "quote": "Contact your local health department with questions about lead testing drinking water or for advice about lowering lead levels in your drinking water.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024" }, { "text": "In 2017 the state started a free lead testing pilot for residents, to run while funds lasted. Its sign-up page now returns 'Page Not Found', and the current lead page does not mention it.", "quote": "Testing under this pilot program will continue as long as funds are available.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2017/2017-03-01_free_lead_testing_pilot_program.htm", "source": "New York State Department of Health Announces Free Lead Testing Pilot Program", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "March 1, 2017", "note": "Press release dated March 1, 2017. The sign-up page it names (slug nys-doh-free-testing-pilot) returned HTTP 404 'Page Not Found' on 2026-11-03." } ], "filters": [ { "text": "Troy gives free filters with pitchers, certified to reduce lead, to residents with a verified lead service line. Call DPU at 518-237-0343.", "quote": "certified filters with pitchers to residents who have a verified lead service line, free of charge. Please contact Troy DPU (518) 237-0343 for more information.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2814", "source": "Lead Water Service Line News, March 2025 (Troy DPU)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "March 2025", "note": "The sentence begins 'The City of Troy is providing' and names the certification standard the filters meet." }, { "text": "If you buy a filter, make sure it is certified for lead removal and keep it maintained.", "quote": "If you purchase a filter, make sure it is certified for lead removal and that you maintain it properly.", "url": "https://troyny.gov/DocumentCenter/View/789", "source": "Lead Service Lines Frequently Asked Questions (Troy Department of Public Utilities)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "measurements": [], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "Troy's 2025 annual water quality report is a scanned PDF with no text, so its lead values (12.9 ppb and 10.6 ppb) were read by eye and cannot be checked automatically. The report gives no site counts and no count above the action level.", "Troy's Lead and Drinking Water page still calls sampling from the second half of 2022 'the latest sampling' (27 of 71 samples above the action level), and says replacements begin in spring 2023. These statements are out of date.", "No grant or loan is described for owners who replace their own part outside a city project.", "The free testing is for 'a limited amount' of homes; the page does not say how many or who gets priority." ] }, "utica": { "name": "Utica, NY", "utility": "Mohawk Valley Water Authority (MVWA)", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "The Mohawk Valley Water Authority has federal money to replace both the private and the public parts of lead service lines in selected Environmental Justice Areas of the City of Utica.", "quote": "This award supports the replacement of both private side and public (MVWA) side lead service lines within select Environmental Justice Areas of the City of Utica.", "url": "https://www.mvwa.us/WaterQuality/pdf/AWQRL.pdf", "source": "MVWA Annual Water Quality Report, long form (includes Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The award, in December 2024, was $8.9 million in grants and $3.8 million in interest-free financing.", "quote": "In December of 2024, the MVWA received an award from the Federal Fiscal Year 2025 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law Lead Service Replacement Fund provided through the New York State Drinking Water State Revolving Fund for $8.9 million in grant money and $3.8 million in interest-free financing.", "url": "https://www.mvwa.us/WaterQuality/pdf/AWQRL.pdf", "source": "MVWA Annual Water Quality Report, long form (includes Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "In 2025, 454 private-side and 305 public-side lead services were replaced. About 700 private and 500 public are expected in 2026.", "quote": "During the 2025 calendar year, 454 private and 305 public side lead services were replaced at a cost of approximately $4.6 million. Another 700 private and 500 public side lead services are expected to be replaced in 2026 at an approximate cost of $7.7 million.", "url": "https://www.mvwa.us/WaterQuality/pdf/AWQRL.pdf", "source": "MVWA Annual Water Quality Report, long form (includes Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "MVWA's report says the service line is usually at least partly owned by the homeowner.", "quote": "A service line is the pipe between the curb stop and the water meter. It is typically at least partly under the control/ownership of the homeowner.", "url": "https://www.mvwa.us/WaterQuality/pdf/AWQRL.pdf", "source": "MVWA Annual Water Quality Report, long form (includes Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "MVWA advises owners to replace their part when the utility replaces its part, because partial replacement can raise lead levels.", "quote": "Recent data suggests that replacing just part of the line can increase lead levels. If your utility is replacing its part of the line, it is a good idea for the homeowner to do the same.", "url": "https://www.mvwa.us/WaterQuality/pdf/AWQRL.pdf", "source": "MVWA Annual Water Quality Report, long form (includes Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "owner_pays": [], "money_help": [], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "MVWA asks customers to report their service line material online, with a photo of the meter and pipe. This is for the inventory, not a sign-up for replacement.", "quote": "As part of the Lead Service Report we want you to take a photo of the meter and the attached pipe and upload that with the report.", "url": "https://www.mvwalead.us/Lead.aspx", "source": "Lead Services - MVWA", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "MVWA's online map marks premises with lead services in red, unknown in yellow and no lead in green.", "quote": "Red pins denote premises with lead services. Yellow pins are where the nature of the service is not known and Green pins are where there are no lead pipes.", "url": "https://www.mvwalead.us/LeadServiceMap.aspx", "source": "Lead Service Map - MVWA", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "MVWA offers free lead testing. It asks people in homes built before the 1940s with a lead service line or a concern to call the Water Quality Department at 315-792-0338.", "quote": "We encourage residents of pre-1940’s homes to contact the Water Quality Department at (315) 792-0338 to take advantage of our free testing if you have a lead service line or have a specific concern.", "url": "https://www.mvwa.us/WaterQuality/leadAwareness.aspx", "source": "Lead Awareness - MVWA", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "For MVWA water customers, staff deliver and pick up the sample kit, and there is no charge.", "quote": "Prior arrangements will be made with the consumer to coordinate the sample collection event. Dates will be set for sample kit delivery and pick up by Water Quality department staff. There is no charge for this analysis.", "url": "https://www.mvwa.us/WaterQuality/leadCopper.aspx", "source": "Lead & Copper - MVWA", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Private water samples that people drop off at the lab cost $40 for a lead and copper test.", "quote": "The cost for this analysis is $40, payable at the time of sample drop-off.", "url": "https://www.mvwa.us/WaterQuality/leadCopper.aspx", "source": "Lead & Copper - MVWA", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "This price is under 'For customers (private water samples) who picked up sample bottles'." }, { "text": "Certified commercial labs can test tap water for lead. The state says it costs $15 to $50 per sample.", "quote": "Certified commercial laboratories can test for lead in drinking water. The cost ranges from $15 to $50 per sample.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024", "note": "'Certified commercial laboratories' links to the state's certified laboratory list (Wadsworth Center), which returned HTTP 503 on 2026-11-03." }, { "text": "Your local health department can answer questions about testing and lowering lead.", "quote": "Contact your local health department with questions about lead testing drinking water or for advice about lowering lead levels in your drinking water.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/water/drinking/lead/", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "May 2024" }, { "text": "In 2017 the state started a free lead testing pilot for residents, to run while funds lasted. Its sign-up page now returns 'Page Not Found', and the current lead page does not mention it.", "quote": "Testing under this pilot program will continue as long as funds are available.", "url": "https://www.health.ny.gov/press/releases/2017/2017-03-01_free_lead_testing_pilot_program.htm", "source": "New York State Department of Health Announces Free Lead Testing Pilot Program", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "March 1, 2017", "note": "Press release dated March 1, 2017. The sign-up page it names (slug nys-doh-free-testing-pilot) returned HTTP 404 'Page Not Found' on 2026-11-03." } ], "filters": [ { "text": "MVWA's lead test page suggests other water sources or treatment, such as bottled water or water filters.", "quote": "Look for alternative sources or treatment of water", "url": "https://www.mvwa.us/WaterQuality/leadCopper.aspx", "source": "Lead & Copper - MVWA", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The page continues: '(such as bottled water or water filters).'" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "MVWA's 2025 lead 90th percentile was 11.7 ppb (0.0117 mg/L), under the 15 ppb action level. Two of 50 samples were above the action level.", "quote": "90th percentile: 0.0117 mg/l or 11.7 ppb lead.", "url": "https://www.mvwa.us/WaterQuality/pdf/AWQRL.pdf", "source": "MVWA Annual Water Quality Report, long form (includes Drinking Water Quality Report for 2025)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Table 12 lists 50 sites (highest 18.3 ppb) and says 'NYS DOH determined that MVWA was required to collect 50 samples in 2025.' Footnote 7 says 'In this case, 50 samples were collected at your water system and the 90th percentile value was the 10th highest value. Two samples exceeded the action level of 15ppb for lead.' The same footnote also says '100 samples collected in 2025', which conflicts.", "what": "90th percentile lead, tap samples, 2025", "value": 11.7, "unit": "ppb", "n": 50, "period": "2025", "above": "2 of 50 samples above the action level", "sample_kind": "homes with lead services, per the report" } ], "reduce_exposure": [], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "MVWA's pages have no single sentence saying it supplies the City of Utica. Its 2025 report says it replaces 'public (MVWA) side' lead lines in the City of Utica and that MVWA 'emerged from the former City of Utica Water Board', which shows it is Utica's water utility.", "MVWA's pages do not say whether owners pay anything for the grant-funded private-side replacements, which addresses qualify, or how to sign up.", "No filter programme was found; only general advice.", "Footnote 7 of the 2025 report says both '100 samples collected in 2025' and '50 samples were collected'; table 12 lists 50 sites." ] }, "waterloo": { "name": "Waterloo", "utility": "City of Waterloo (delivers the water); Region of Waterloo (treats and tests it)", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "The City of Waterloo removes lead pipes during road construction.", "quote": "The city removes lead pipes during road construction and runs a proactive testing program to monitor lead levels in drinking water.", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-quality/request-in-home-lead-testing/", "source": "Request in-home lead testing | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Lead services are replaced during watermain and road reconstruction projects. On those projects, every water service up to the property line is replaced.", "quote": "Lead services are replaced as part of watermain rehabilitation projects and/or road reconstruction projects when undertaken. Although not all streets contain lead services, all water services to the property line are replaced for every rehabilitation and reconstruction project.", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/media/oebaqnbw/water-and-sanitary-financial-plans.pdf", "source": "Water and Sanitary Financial Plans (City of Waterloo staff report IPPW2025-046)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Council date October 27, 2025" }, { "text": "Outside those projects, a lead service found in the field may be replaced on its own, if the new pipe can be joined to the owner's pipe at the property line.", "quote": "Lead services are also replaced individually when they are found in the field if the full rehabilitation or reconstruction project has not been identified in the capital forecast, and if the new service can be connected to the customer’s service at the property line.", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/media/oebaqnbw/water-and-sanitary-financial-plans.pdf", "source": "Water and Sanitary Financial Plans (City of Waterloo staff report IPPW2025-046)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Council date October 27, 2025" } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "The City is responsible for the water supply pipe on the city side of the property line.", "quote": "the water supply pipe on the city side of the property line", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-meters/repair-or-replace-your-water-meter/", "source": "Repair or replace your water meter | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Listed on the page under 'City responsibility', after 'The City of Waterloo is responsible for:'. The full list also names meter equipment, left out here." }, { "text": "The property owner is responsible for the water supply pipe from the home to the property line, and for the pipes and valves inside.", "quote": "Property owners are responsible for: maintaining household control valves and pipes to protect the water meter all pipes and valves on either side of the water meter inside the home or building the water supply pipe from the home to the property line", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-meters/repair-or-replace-your-water-meter/", "source": "Repair or replace your water meter | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ], "owner_pays": [], "money_help": [], "how_to_apply": [] }, "testing": [ { "text": "The Region of Waterloo treats and tests Waterloo's drinking water. The City maintains the pipes that deliver it.", "quote": "The Region of Waterloo treats and tests the city’s drinking water to meet the province's standards for safety and quality.", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-quality/drinking-water-quality/", "source": "Drinking water quality | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The City offers free in-home lead testing. You request it with a short pre-screening form.", "quote": "Request free in-home testing by filling out a short pre-screening form.", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-quality/request-in-home-lead-testing/", "source": "Request in-home lead testing | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Testing is for private homes built before 1989 and some non-residential properties. Samples are taken every 6 months.", "quote": "We test water samples every 6 months in: private homes built before 1989 selected non-residential properties", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-quality/request-in-home-lead-testing/", "source": "Request in-home lead testing | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "It focuses on single-family homes in older neighbourhoods where lead plumbing may remain.", "quote": "Testing focuses on single-family homes in neighbourhoods where lead plumbing may still exist, including Mary Allen, Uptown, Westmount, Lincoln Heights, Sugarbush and Northdale.", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-quality/request-in-home-lead-testing/", "source": "Request in-home lead testing | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "A visit takes about an hour on a weekday. Staff take a sample from a cold, hard-water tap and tell you the results.", "quote": "testing takes about 1 hour at your home appointments are available on weekdays staff collect a sample from a cold, hard-water tap we notify you with the results", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-quality/request-in-home-lead-testing/", "source": "Request in-home lead testing | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If lead is at an unsafe level, the City retests to confirm and points you to the Region of Waterloo's guide on lowering exposure.", "quote": "If unsafe lead levels are found in the test results: we retest your water to confirm results read the Region of Waterloo’s Lead in Drinking Water guide (PDF) for information on how to reduce exposure", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-quality/request-in-home-lead-testing/", "source": "Request in-home lead testing | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Each year the City tests about 50 homes and 5 other sites. Participants get a $25 credit on their next water bill.", "quote": "The form confirms if your home qualifies. Each year, we test about 50 residential and 5 non-residential sites. Participants receive a $25 credit on their next water bill.", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-quality/request-in-home-lead-testing/", "source": "Request in-home lead testing | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "To volunteer, complete the pre-screening form or call 519-886-2310 ext. 30287.", "quote": "To volunteer for free testing: complete the lead testing pre-screening form call 519-886-2310 ext. 30287", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-quality/request-in-home-lead-testing/", "source": "Request in-home lead testing | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "For questions about lead testing, email leadsampling@waterloo.ca or call 519-886-2310.", "quote": "If you have questions about lead testing: email leadsampling@waterloo.ca call 519-886-2310", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-quality/request-in-home-lead-testing/", "source": "Request in-home lead testing | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Region of Waterloo Public Health advises that if you have lead pipes or solder, you have your water tested by a private laboratory.", "quote": "If you do, have your drinking water tested for lead by a private laboratory and consider replacing lead-containing materials.", "url": "https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/media/kgkhr0cb/lead_drinkingwater_schoolsnurseries.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water In Schools and Day Nurseries (Region of Waterloo Public Health)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "09/18 (code printed on the sheet)", "note": "From the Region's 2018 sheet on lead in schools and day nurseries, in its section on reducing exposure at home. The Region's main lead sheet address on regionofwaterloo.ca returned 404." } ], "filters": [ { "text": "The City's pages list no filter program. They point residents to the Region of Waterloo's lead guide.", "quote": "read the Region of Waterloo’s Lead in Drinking Water guide (PDF) for information on how to reduce exposure", "url": "https://www.waterloo.ca/water-utilities/water-quality/request-in-home-lead-testing/", "source": "Request in-home lead testing | City of Waterloo", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The Region's guide advises a filter certified to remove lead. Look for the NSF-53 mark.", "quote": "Foundation (NSF) to remove lead. Look for the NSF-53", "url": "https://media-002-ca.cdn.govstack.com/waterloo-013-ca/media/5lynanbo/region-of-waterloos-lead-in-drinking-water.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water (Region of Waterloo Public Health guide, linked from the City of Waterloo)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "08/18 (code printed on the guide)", "note": "Two-column PDF dated 08/18. The sentence begins on the line above: 'Use a filtration system certified by the National Sanitation'." }, { "text": "The Region says most end-of-tap filters are NSF-53 certified.", "quote": "Most end-of-tap filtration systems are NSF-53 certified.", "url": "https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/media/kgkhr0cb/lead_drinkingwater_schoolsnurseries.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water In Schools and Day Nurseries (Region of Waterloo Public Health)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "09/18 (code printed on the sheet)" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "In 2025, Waterloo took 247 plumbing (tap) samples for lead. Results ranged from not detectable to 28.7 µg/L.", "quote": "Plumbing 247 ND– 28.7 µg/L 2", "url": "https://media-002-ca.cdn.govstack.com/waterloo-013-ca/media/a4ab3flj/drinking-water-annual-and-summary-report.pdf", "source": "2025 Drinking Water Annual and Summary Report (City of Waterloo staff report IPPW2026-004)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Council date February 23, 2026", "note": "ND means not detectable; the report gives the detection limit for lead as 0.200 µg/L.", "what": "Highest lead result, plumbing samples under Schedule 15.1", "value": 28.7, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 247, "period": "2025", "above": "2 exceedances, both at the same address (counted as one adverse incident)", "sample_kind": "Plumbing samples under Schedule 15.1 of Ontario Regulation 170/03; the City's testing page says staff sample from a cold, hard-water tap" }, { "text": "2 plumbing samples were above the Ontario standard. Both came from the same address and count as one adverse incident.", "quote": "1 – These two incidents are at the same address and count as one adverse", "url": "https://media-002-ca.cdn.govstack.com/waterloo-013-ca/media/a4ab3flj/drinking-water-annual-and-summary-report.pdf", "source": "2025 Drinking Water Annual and Summary Report (City of Waterloo staff report IPPW2026-004)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Council date February 23, 2026", "what": "Plumbing samples above the Ontario standard (exceedances)", "value": 2, "unit": "count", "n": 247, "period": "2025", "above": "2 of 247 samples, at one address", "sample_kind": "Plumbing samples under Schedule 15.1 of Ontario Regulation 170/03; the City's testing page says staff sample from a cold, hard-water tap" }, { "text": "When that address was sampled again a week later, lead was 13.2 µg/L, still above Ontario's standard.", "quote": "2025-07-25 LEAD1 = 13.2 ug/L", "url": "https://media-002-ca.cdn.govstack.com/waterloo-013-ca/media/a4ab3flj/drinking-water-annual-and-summary-report.pdf", "source": "2025 Drinking Water Annual and Summary Report (City of Waterloo staff report IPPW2026-004)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Council date February 23, 2026", "note": "The report lists the actions as flushing a distribution hydrant, giving the Region of Waterloo lead fact sheet and notifying the public health unit.", "what": "Lead result on resampling at the same address", "value": 13.2, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 1, "period": "2025-07-25", "above": "Above Ontario's standard of 10 µg/L", "sample_kind": "Private plumbing resample after a 28.7 µg/L result on 2025-07-18" }, { "text": "Samples from Waterloo's water mains (113 samples) ranged from not detectable to 6.06 µg/L, with no exceedances.", "quote": "Distribution 113 ND– 6.06 µg/L 0", "url": "https://media-002-ca.cdn.govstack.com/waterloo-013-ca/media/a4ab3flj/drinking-water-annual-and-summary-report.pdf", "source": "2025 Drinking Water Annual and Summary Report (City of Waterloo staff report IPPW2026-004)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Council date February 23, 2026", "what": "Highest lead result, distribution system samples", "value": 6.06, "unit": "µg/L", "n": 113, "period": "2025", "above": "0 exceedances of Ontario's standard; 6.06 µg/L is above Health Canada's guideline of 5 µg/L", "sample_kind": "Distribution system samples (water mains), not home taps" } ], "reduce_exposure": [ { "text": "The Region advises flushing taps for five minutes, or until the water runs cold, before using water for drinking or cooking.", "quote": "Flush water taps for five minutes, or until the water runs", "url": "https://media-002-ca.cdn.govstack.com/waterloo-013-ca/media/5lynanbo/region-of-waterloos-lead-in-drinking-water.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water (Region of Waterloo Public Health guide, linked from the City of Waterloo)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "08/18 (code printed on the guide)", "note": "Two-column PDF. The sentence goes on: 'cold, each morning before using the water for drinking or cooking, or any time the water has not been used for six hours or more.'" }, { "text": "Boiling water does not remove lead.", "quote": "Boiling the water does not remove lead.", "url": "https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/media/kgkhr0cb/lead_drinkingwater_schoolsnurseries.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water In Schools and Day Nurseries (Region of Waterloo Public Health)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "09/18 (code printed on the sheet)" } ], "limits": [ { "text": "Region of Waterloo Public Health says the Region's water is tested regularly and meets Ontario's lead standard of 10 µg/L.", "quote": "All potable water distributed by the Regional Municipality of Waterloo is regularly tested and meets Ontario’s drinking water standard for lead, 10 micrograms per litre.", "url": "https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/media/kgkhr0cb/lead_drinkingwater_schoolsnurseries.pdf", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water In Schools and Day Nurseries (Region of Waterloo Public Health)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "09/18 (code printed on the sheet)" }, { "text": "Ontario's regulation sets the drinking water standard for lead at 0.010 mg/L, which is 10 µg/L.", "quote": "36. Lead 0.010", "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/030169", "source": "O. Reg. 169/03 ONTARIO DRINKING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS | ontario.ca", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "e-Laws currency date October 29, 2026", "note": "Schedule 2 (Chemical Standards) of O. Reg. 169/03, where each standard is a maximum concentration in milligrams per litre." }, { "text": "Health Canada's guideline is lower: a maximum acceptable concentration of 0.005 mg/L (5 µg/L), measured in water taken at the tap.", "quote": "The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for total lead in drinking water is 0.005 mg/L (5 µg/L), based on a sample of water taken at the tap and using the appropriate protocol for the type of building being sampled.", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/guidelines-canadian-drinking-water-quality-guideline-technical-document-lead.html", "source": "Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Lead - Canada.ca", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "2019-03-13" } ], "unclear": [ "No Waterloo page we read says what the owner pays to replace the private part, or offers a loan, grant or rebate for it.", "The City's pages have no application process for replacement. The City's part is replaced during road and watermain projects, or when a lead service is found in the field.", "The pages do not say whether the City replaces its part when an owner replaces the private part on their own.", "The 2025 report lists each lead result above half the Ontario standard (above 5 µg/L) one by one, but gives no total.", "The 2025 report's table of inorganic results carries the note 'Lead samples taken outside of mandated timeframe as per Schedule 15.1' without more explanation.", "The Region's guide that the City links is dated 08/18 and is a two-column PDF, so some advice could only be quoted in part." ] }, "aurora": { "name": "Aurora, IL", "utility": "City of Aurora (Water Production Division; Engineering Division for lead service line replacement)", "replacement": { "programme": [ { "text": "Under Illinois' Lead Service Line Replacement and Notification Act, the City must replace all privately owned water service lines that are fully or partly lead or galvanized steel.", "quote": "The City is subject to Illinois' Lead Service Line Replacement and Notification Act (Public Act 102-0613). This act mandates that Aurora must replace all privately owned water service lines throughout the city that are fully or partially composed of lead, or galvanized steel.", "url": "https://yourvoice.aurora.il.us/leadnotice/widgets/102158/faqs", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement FAQs | City of Aurora Drinking Water Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice | Your Voice Aurora", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If your line is fully or partly lead, the City will replace it at no cost to you. The City cannot promise this will happen within the next several years.", "quote": "If your service line is fully or partially made of lead, it will eventually be replaced by the City at no cost to you. However, we cannot guarantee that your line will be replaced in the next several years.", "url": "https://yourvoice.aurora.il.us/leadnotice/widgets/102158/faqs", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement FAQs | City of Aurora Drinking Water Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice | Your Voice Aurora", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The City says it has about 16,200 lead service lines. It says the state requires it to replace about 3 percent of the initial lead lines each year from 2027, about 700 a year, until 2060. The work is done through the City's Capital Improvement Plan.", "quote": "Currently there are approximately 16,200 lead service lines within the City. Starting in 2027, Aurora is mandated by the IEPA to annually replace approximately 3% of the total initial lead service lines, or about 700 service lines each year, until 2060. The City currently conducts this activity as part of its Capital Improvement Plan which includes water main and/or sewer main installation and repair.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "note": "The same page also says 'The City is obligated to replace approximately 10% of all lead lines starting in 2027 until full removal.' The City's replacement plan (April 2026) schedules replacement to finish in 2037. The pages do not agree on the rate or the end date." }, { "text": "The City's replacement plan (April 2026) aims for about 700 replacements a year. It says a federal rule from November 2027 requires all lead lines to be replaced within 10 years.", "quote": "Currently the City aims to maintain an approximate annual replacement rate of 700 lead service lines. Beginning in November 2027 the Federal Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) mandates that all cities with lead service lines must replace those lines within a 10-year period.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/1/engineering/documents/lead-service-documents/for-website_lead-line-replacement-plan.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Plan in accordance with Illinois Public Act 102-0613, City of Aurora, Illinois, Department of Public Works", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Updated: April 2026", "note": "Table 4 of the plan lists 753 replacements in 2026 and 2027, then 1,465 a year from 2028 to 2037, starting from 16,156 lead services." }, { "text": "The City says it has replaced 2,988 lead service lines since 2018.", "quote": "Since 2018, the City has replaced 2,988 lead service lines, with more scheduled to be replaced in the coming years.", "url": "https://yourvoice.aurora.il.us/leadnotice", "source": "City of Aurora Drinking Water Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice | Your Voice Aurora", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Page last updated: 12 Aug 2026, 03:13 PM" }, { "text": "The City replaces a lead or galvanized line whenever its work disturbs the line, for example during maintenance or other underground work. It also schedules a replacement when a test shows a service line with lead above the action level.", "quote": "years prior, the city has and will continue to replace a service line whenever a disturbance occurs. This includes disturbances due to maintenance activities, or other underground infrastructure improvements. The city will also schedule replacements if a test reveals", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/1/watersewer/documents/public-education-lead-in-drinking-water-city-of-aurora-2025.pdf", "source": "Public Education: Lead in Drinking Water, City of Aurora (linked on the City's lead pages as 'Public Education Lead in Drinking Water - City of Aurora 2026')", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Multi-column mailer. The sentence goes on in the next column: 'a service line that has a reported lead concentration level in exceedance of the action level. Replacements for both categories are completed at no charge to the customer.' The link on the City's pages redirects to a file named 101679-aur-lead-mailer-85x14-selfmailer-proof.pdf." }, { "text": "Two City replacement contracts, for about 350 and about 300 lines, were paid for by the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund, which Illinois EPA runs.", "quote": "Construction of the replacement of approximately 350 lead water service lines at various locations throughout the City of Aurora for the Lead Service Replacement Project – Contract 2 were financed by the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (SRF).", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Contract 3 covers approximately 300 lines with the same financing. Both replace lines 'from the water main or water shut off valve to the water meter'." }, { "text": "Illinois law requires every community water supply to build and keep a service line material inventory and a lead service line replacement plan.", "quote": "The first purpose of the LSLRNA is to require owners and operators of community water supplies to develop, implement, and maintain a comprehensive water service line material inventory and replacement plan.", "url": "https://epa.illinois.gov/topics/drinking-water/public-water-users/lead-service-line-information.html", "source": "Lead Service Line Information - Public Water Users (Illinois EPA)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The page says the Lead Service Line Replacement and Notification Act (Public Act 102-0613) took effect January 1, 2022." } ], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "In Aurora the property owner owns the whole service pipe, from the water main to the meter, street side included. The City may repair parts of it under certain conditions.", "quote": "The water service pipe from water main to the meter, including both house-side and street-side portions, is owned solely by the property owner. However, under certain conditions, the City is authorized to repair portions of the service pipe.", "url": "https://yourvoice.aurora.il.us/leadnotice/widgets/102155/faqs", "source": "General Lead Service Line FAQs | City of Aurora Drinking Water Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice | Your Voice Aurora", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If an owner replaces the private part early, the City replaces the rest, from the shut-off valve (B-box) to the water main, at its own expense within 30 days.", "quote": "If a homeowner chooses to replace that portion of their line, the City within 30 days at its own expense will replace the section of the service line from the water shut-off valve (known as a B-Box) to the water main.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "When construction work disturbs a lead line, the City gives a temporary lead filter right away and replaces the disturbed line at no cost within 30 days.", "quote": "when this occurs, the City will immediately provide a temporary lead filtration device and will also replace the disturbed line at no cost within 30 days.", "url": "https://yourvoice.aurora.il.us/leadnotice", "source": "City of Aurora Drinking Water Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice | Your Voice Aurora", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Page last updated: 12 Aug 2026, 03:13 PM" } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "Replacement through the City programme is free. An owner who wants the house side replaced now, on their own, typically pays $4,000 to $6,000.", "quote": "Through this program, your lead service line will eventually be replaced by the City at no cost to you. Should you wish to replace your service line yourself now, it typically costs $4,000-6,000 to replace the house-side portion.", "url": "https://yourvoice.aurora.il.us/leadnotice/widgets/102158/faqs", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement FAQs | City of Aurora Drinking Water Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice | Your Voice Aurora", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The City does not charge owners for full-line replacements it starts. If an owner starts work on the house side (meter to shut-off valve), the owner must finish it at their own expense.", "quote": "The City does not seek reimbursement from constituents for the cost of lead service line replacement from the water main all the way to the meter on city-initiated efforts (full-line replacements). Should a property owner initiate maintenance activities or service line replacement from the meter to the shut-off valve then they are required to complete those activities in their entirety at their own expense.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/1/engineering/documents/lead-service-documents/for-website_lead-line-replacement-plan.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Plan in accordance with Illinois Public Act 102-0613, City of Aurora, Illinois, Department of Public Works", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Updated: April 2026" } ], "money_help": [ { "text": "Earlier versions of the City programme offered owners a City grant (if income rules were met) or a 10-year City loan for the house side. The City replaced those options with the current programme because few owners used them.", "quote": "obtaining a grant from the City if specific salary requirements were met by the homeowner; or establishing a loan with the City to pay for the house-side replacement over the course of ten years. Due to the low replacement rates experienced with these options, the City modified the lead service line replacement program to the current structure.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/1/engineering/documents/lead-service-documents/for-website_lead-line-replacement-plan.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Plan in accordance with Illinois Public Act 102-0613, City of Aurora, Illinois, Department of Public Works", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "Updated: April 2026", "note": "These are past options, not current help. The plan does not say whether any grant or loan is open now for an owner who replaces the house side early." }, { "text": "Owners who had paid toward a replacement under the old policy were paid back when the City changed the policy.", "quote": "the policy, any homeowner who paid for any amount of the replacement of their service under the old policy was reimbursed for those expenses.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/1/engineering/documents/lead-service-documents/for-website_lead-line-replacement-plan.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Plan in accordance with Illinois Public Act 102-0613, City of Aurora, Illinois, Department of Public Works", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Updated: April 2026" } ], "how_to_apply": [ { "text": "To speed up your replacement by having the house side done yourself, or with questions, call the Engineering Division at 630-256-3200.", "quote": "Please reach out to the Engineering Division at 630-256-3200 if you have additional questions or would like to move forward with this option to expedite the service replacement.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The 'option' is the owner replacing the private portion at their own expense, after which the City replaces its part within 30 days." }, { "text": "To ask about your line's material or have it corrected, call the City at 630-256-3200 or email waterlines@aurora.il.us.", "quote": "For any questions regarding this information, or to update your service line's material, please contact the City of Aurora at 630-256-3200 or email waterlines@aurora.il.us", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If the City's letter says your line material is unknown, fill out the City's short survey to help identify it.", "quote": "If you received a letter stating you are serviced by an unknown water line, please fill out the short survey, available in English and Spanish , to help identify the material.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" } ] }, "testing": [ { "text": "On request, the City's Water Production Division helps customers with water sampling procedures. Email leadtesting@aurora.il.us.", "quote": "Upon request, the Water Production Division will provide customer assistance with water sampling procedures. Email the Water Production Division at leadtesting@aurora.il.us", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water/Testing-For-Lead", "source": "Testing For Lead | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The page does not say whether the City pays for the test." }, { "text": "The Water Production Division works with two certified labs for lead testing: First Environmental Laboratories in Naperville and Eurofins Eaton Analytical in South Bend, Indiana.", "quote": "The Water Production Division works with the following certified laboratories for lead testing. First Environmental Laboratories, Inc. 1600 Shore Road Naperville, IL 60563 Phone: 630-778-1200 Eurofins Eaton Analytical", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water/Testing-For-Lead", "source": "Testing For Lead | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The page lists Eurofins Eaton Analytical at 110 S Hill Street, South Bend, IN, phone 574-233-4777." }, { "text": "The City's information packet says a lead test at a certified lab costs about $30 to $45 per sample.", "quote": "If you don't know whether your tap water contains lead, you should have the water tested by a certified laboratory. Lead testing costs approximately $30 to $45 per sample.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/1/engineering/documents/lead-service-documents/for-website_lead-line-replacement-plan.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Plan in accordance with Illinois Public Act 102-0613, City of Aurora, Illinois, Department of Public Works", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Packet marked Rev 7/2025, in Appendix D of the plan updated April 2026" }, { "text": "The lead page tells residents to contact one of the listed labs, then send the results to the City's Engineering Division by email.", "quote": "Residents should contact one of the testing facilities below to have their water tested. Once the water has been tested, residents should provide the City of Aurora Engineering Division with their results by emailing", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "After a lead line is replaced, the City offers a water sample 3 to 6 months later. To ask for it, email waterlines@aurora.il.us with 'Post Replacement Sampling' in the subject line, and staff arrange a sample bottle.", "quote": "If your lead service line was replaced and you are interested in post-replacement sampling, please email WaterLines@aurora.il.us with your contact information and \"Post Replacement Sampling\" in the subject line so City staff can coordinate drop-off of the sample bottle.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/1/engineering/documents/lead-service-documents/for-website_lead-line-replacement-plan.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Plan in accordance with Illinois Public Act 102-0613, City of Aurora, Illinois, Department of Public Works", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Packet marked Rev 7/2025, in Appendix D of the plan updated April 2026", "note": "The sentence before reads: 'The 2024 Federal EPA's Lead and Copper Rule Revisions now require the City to offer post-replacement water sampling 3 to 6 months after replacement'." }, { "text": "For the regulated lead sampling, the City must take samples from 100 customer homes every six months. The City delivers kits and the homeowners collect the samples.", "quote": "collect water samples from 100 customer homes throughout the City every six months. Sample sites are reviewed and approved by the Illinois EPA each sampling cycle. The City delivers sampling kits to these homes with detailed water collection instructions, and homeowners are responsible for collecting the water samples.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/1/engineering/documents/lead-service-documents/for-website_lead-line-replacement-plan.pdf", "source": "Lead Service Line Replacement Plan in accordance with Illinois Public Act 102-0613, City of Aurora, Illinois, Department of Public Works", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Packet marked Rev 7/2025, in Appendix D of the plan updated April 2026" }, { "text": "The City now tests the first and the fifth liter of water from each sampled tap, where it used to test only the first liter. The City says this change raises the lead results.", "quote": "Now, with the new testing standards, staff must test the first AND fifth liters of water.", "url": "https://yourvoice.aurora.il.us/leadnotice", "source": "City of Aurora Drinking Water Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice | Your Voice Aurora", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Page last updated: 12 Aug 2026, 03:13 PM" } ], "filters": [ { "text": "For lead, a filter must be certified to NSF Standard 53, and the package should say it is certified to remove lead.", "quote": "For lead removal, filters must be certified to meet NSF Standard 53, and the filter package should specifically list the device as certified for removing the contaminant lead.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water/Lead-Water-Filters", "source": "Lead Water Filters | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The City says filters rated for lead removal (NSF 53) can reduce lead to 5 ppb or less.", "quote": "Water filters rated for lead removal (NSF 53) can reduce lead to 5 PPB or less.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If City field work disturbs a lead line, staff give the home a point-of-use filter rated for lead and a six-month supply of filters.", "quote": "If the City disturbs a lead service line due to any field work, staff will provide the residence with a point-of-use filter rated for lead removal and a six-month supply of water filters.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water/Lead-Water-Filters", "source": "Lead Water Filters | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "The City has not partnered with any company to sell whole-home filters to residents.", "quote": "Please note that the City has not partnered with any third-party organizations or vendors to sell whole home filters to residents.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water/Lead-Water-Filters", "source": "Lead Water Filters | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Replace filter cartridges on time. An expired cartridge removes less lead. Do not run hot water through the filter.", "quote": "Using the cartridge after it has expired can make it less effective at removing lead. Do not run hot water through the filter.", "url": "https://yourvoice.aurora.il.us/leadnotice", "source": "City of Aurora Drinking Water Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice | Your Voice Aurora", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Page last updated: 12 Aug 2026, 03:13 PM" } ], "measurements": [ { "text": "The City's 2025 water quality report gives the 90th percentile lead result for 2025 as 24 ppb, above the 15 ppb action level. 25 sites were over the action level.", "quote": "Lead 2025 0 15 24 25 ppb N", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/2/watersewer/documents/water-quality-reports/2025-water-quality-report-english-final.pdf", "source": "2025 Water Quality Report, City of Aurora, Illinois (Water Production Division, Reporting Year 2025)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Reporting Year 2025", "note": "Table 'LEAD AND COPPER', columns: Date Sampled 2025; MCLG 0; Action Level (AL) 15; 90th Percentile 24; # Sites Over AL 25; Units ppb; Violation N. The City's pages say each round samples 100 homes, but the report gives no count.", "what": "90th percentile lead, Lead and Copper Rule tap sampling", "value": 24, "unit": "ppb", "n": null, "period": "2025 (Date Sampled column of the 2025 report)", "above": "25 sites over the 15 ppb action level", "sample_kind": "Tap samples from homes in the City's Lead and Copper Rule sampling program (the report refers to 'the system's lead tap sampling data'); the report does not say how many sites were sampled or which six-month round this is" }, { "text": "Lead results in 2025 ranged from below 2.0 to 56.6 ppb.", "quote": "Lead range <2.0 to 56.6 ppb.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/2/watersewer/documents/water-quality-reports/2025-water-quality-report-english-final.pdf", "source": "2025 Water Quality Report, City of Aurora, Illinois (Water Production Division, Reporting Year 2025)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Reporting Year 2025", "what": "Highest lead result, Lead and Copper Rule tap sampling (range <2.0 to 56.6 ppb)", "value": 56.6, "unit": "ppb", "n": null, "period": "2025", "above": "25 sites over the 15 ppb action level (same report's table)", "sample_kind": "Tap samples from homes in the City's Lead and Copper Rule sampling program (the report refers to 'the system's lead tap sampling data')" }, { "text": "Testing in 100 customer homes from January 1 to June 30, 2025 put the 90th percentile above the 15 ppb action level. This is an action level exceedance. The page gives no number for the 90th percentile.", "quote": "The latest round of testing conducted under the requirements of the LCRR between January 1 through June 30 of 2025 in 100 customer homes indicates the 90th percentile result exceeds the action level of 15 parts per billion for lead, this is referred to as an Action Level Exceedance (ALE).", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water", "source": "Lead in Drinking Water | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "The Lead Action Level FAQs page says: 'The City collected 100 samples between January and June 2025.'", "what": "90th percentile lead, LCRR tap sampling round", "value": null, "value_text": "exceeds 15", "unit": "ppb", "n": 100, "period": "January 1 to June 30, 2025", "above": null, "sample_kind": "Tap samples in 100 customer homes under the Lead and Copper Rule Revisions" }, { "text": "From July to December 2025 the City took 100 samples. More than 10 percent were above the EPA action level for lead (15 ppb).", "quote": "Between July 2025 and December 2025, the City of Aurora's Water Production Division collected 100 samples of water and analyzed them for lead. More than 10 percent of the samples collected exceeded the EPA's action level for lead.", "url": "https://yourvoice.aurora.il.us/leadnotice", "source": "City of Aurora Drinking Water Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice | Your Voice Aurora", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Page last updated: 12 Aug 2026, 03:13 PM", "note": "The notice PDF linked on this page is named 'Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice - Aurora July 2026.pdf'; its download starts with script and we did not read it.", "what": "Share of lead samples above the 15 ppb action level", "value": null, "value_text": "more than 10 percent", "unit": "percent of samples", "n": 100, "period": "July to December 2025", "above": "More than 10 percent of the 100 samples (the page gives no exact count)", "sample_kind": "Water samples from homes in the City's sampling program; the page calls them 'specific qualified homes that participate in the sampling program' and says staff test the first and fifth liter" }, { "text": "The City's 2026 lead mailer says it collected 100 samples from January to June 2026. The same column goes on to say more than 10 percent of the samples were above the action level.", "quote": "Between January 2026 and June 2026, Aurora collected 100 samples", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/1/watersewer/documents/public-education-lead-in-drinking-water-city-of-aurora-2025.pdf", "source": "Public Education: Lead in Drinking Water, City of Aurora (linked on the City's lead pages as 'Public Education Lead in Drinking Water - City of Aurora 2026')", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Multi-column mailer. The sentence continues on the next two lines of the same column: 'and analyzed them for lead. The results of more than 10 percent' / 'of our samples exceeded the action level for lead'. The checker reads the columns interleaved, so only the first line can be quoted. No 90th percentile number is given.", "what": "Lead samples collected, January to June 2026", "value": 100, "unit": "count", "n": 100, "period": "January to June 2026", "above": "More than 10 percent of samples exceeded the action level, per the next two lines of the same column (see note)", "sample_kind": "Tap samples at homes in the City's sampling program (the mailer says EPA requires testing 'at the tap in certain homes, including those with lead service lines')" } ], "reduce_exposure": [ { "text": "If a tap has not been used for six hours or more, run the cold water until it is as cold as it gets. That can take 5 to 30 seconds after heavy water use in the home, otherwise two minutes or longer.", "quote": "Anytime the water in a particular faucet has not been used for six hours or longer, flush your cold-water pipes by running the water until it becomes as cold as it will get. This could take as little as five to thirty seconds if there has been recent heavy water use such as showering or toilet flushing in your home. Otherwise, it could take two minutes or longer.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water/Reduce-Your-Exposure-to-Lead", "source": "Reduce Your Exposure to Lead | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Use only cold tap water for drinking, cooking and baby formula. Hot water is likely to have more lead. Boiling does not reduce lead and can raise it.", "quote": "Use only water from the cold-water tap for drinking, cooking, and especially for making baby formula. Hot water is likely to contain higher levels of lead. Run cold water until it becomes as cold as it can get. Note that boiling water will not reduce lead and could increase the concentration.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water/Reduce-Your-Exposure-to-Lead", "source": "Reduce Your Exposure to Lead | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "If you are pregnant or have children under six, use cold, filtered tap water for drinking and cooking, including formula, drinks and ice, until all lead sources are removed.", "quote": "If you are pregnant or have children under age six, use cold, filtered tap water for drinking and cooking until all sources of lead are removed. This includes water used for making infant formula, beverages, and ice.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water/Reduce-Your-Exposure-to-Lead", "source": "Reduce Your Exposure to Lead | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Lead can collect in the faucet aerator. Clean aerators several times a year and replace them yearly.", "quote": "Lead particles and sediment can collect in the aerator screen located at the tip of your faucet which can increase concentrations of lead in your drinking water. Aerators should be cleaned several times per year and replaced annually.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water/Reduce-Your-Exposure-to-Lead", "source": "Reduce Your Exposure to Lead | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "After a lead line is replaced or repaired, flush: run all outside spigots for 10 minutes, remove the aerators, run all cold taps with the spigots for 5 minutes, close the spigots, then run the cold taps 25 minutes more.", "quote": "Step 2: Let all exterior spigots run fully open for 10 minutes. Step 3: Remove all screens (aerators) from all the cold-water faucets or cold-water fixtures inside your home. Do not perform any flushing of hot water piping until the full flushing procedure has been completed as described. Step 4: After 10 minutes of only running the exterior spigots (hose bibs), fully open all interior cold-water faucets and cold-water fixtures (once the screens (aerators) have been removed). Allow both the exterior spigots (hose bibs) and all the interior cold-water faucets and cold-water fixtures to run together for 5 minutes. Step 5: After 5 minutes of running the interior and exterior fixtures together, close all the exterior spigots (hose bibs). Step 6: Continue to let all interior cold-water faucets and cold-water fixtures run for an additional 25 minutes.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/City-Services/Water-and-Sewer/Water/Lead-in-Drinking-Water/Flushing-Procedures", "source": "Flushing Procedures | City of Aurora, IL", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "note": "Step 1 opens the exterior spigots; steps 7 and 8 turn off the taps and put the aerators back." }, { "text": "The Water Production Division gives advice on how long to flush. Call 630-256-3250.", "quote": "Residents may contact the City of Aurora's Water Production Division at 630-256-3250 for recommendations regarding flushing times.", "url": "https://yourvoice.aurora.il.us/leadnotice", "source": "City of Aurora Drinking Water Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice | Your Voice Aurora", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Page last updated: 12 Aug 2026, 03:13 PM" }, { "text": "The 2025 water quality report says to flush the tap for 30 seconds when water has sat for several hours. Other City pages give longer times.", "quote": "you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds before using water for drinking or cooking.", "url": "https://www.aurora.il.us/files/sharedassets/mainsite/v/2/watersewer/documents/water-quality-reports/2025-water-quality-report-english-final.pdf", "source": "2025 Water Quality Report, City of Aurora, Illinois (Water Production Division, Reporting Year 2025)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "Reporting Year 2025", "note": "The Reduce Your Exposure page says 5 to 30 seconds after heavy water use, otherwise two minutes or longer. The City's lead FAQ sheet says 2 to 4 minutes." } ], "limits": [], "unclear": [ "No City page we read gives a number for the 90th percentile of any single six-month round. The only number is in the 2025 water quality report: 24 ppb, with 25 sites over the 15 ppb action level, sampled in 2025. The report does not say how many homes were sampled or which round this is.", "The pages report three rounds above the action level, each of 100 samples: January to June 2025 (lead page and FAQ), July to December 2025 (exceedance notice page) and January to June 2026 (2026 mailer). None gives the number of samples over the action level, except the 2025 report's 25 sites.", "The exceedance notice PDF on the City's notice page ('Lead Action Level Exceedance Notice - Aurora July 2026.pdf') starts its download with script. A plain fetch got only a 'will begin downloading' page, so we did not read it.", "The lead page gives two replacement rates: about 10 percent of all lead lines a year from 2027, and about 3 percent (about 700 lines) a year until 2060. The April 2026 replacement plan aims for about 700 a year now and schedules 1,465 a year from 2028 to finish in 2037.", "We found no current grant, loan or rebate for an owner who replaces the house side early (typically $4,000 to $6,000). The plan says City grants and 10-year City loans existed under earlier versions of the programme.", "The City pages do not say whether the City pays for a resident's lead test. The City helps with sampling on request and names two certified labs; its information packet says a test costs about $30 to $45 per sample.", "The City's flushing advice differs between pages: 30 seconds (2025 water quality report), 5 to 30 seconds after heavy water use or else two minutes or longer (Reduce Your Exposure page), and 2 to 4 minutes (lead FAQ sheet).", "The pages describe no form to sign up for a free City replacement. Under 'How to request replacement', the City's 2026 mailer points to the service line inventory, to waterlines@aurora.il.us for checks on a line's material, and to the replacement plan.", "The notice page says orthophosphate corrosion control treatment 'began in March' but gives no year.", "The City's Lead Service Replacement open data portal (ArcGIS Hub) builds its content with script; a plain fetch returned only its title. We did not fetch the 12 MB service line inventory PDF because it lists properties, and the City's robots.txt disallows its /leadservice path.", "A published figure is not used because its page is not clear: a chart of 90th percentile lead results since 2004 in the City's information packet (Rev 7/2025, Appendix D of the replacement plan) shows values up to 20.6 ppb, but its period labels did not come through in the text, so we cannot say which value belongs to which period." ] }, "barrie": { "name": "Barrie", "utility": "City of Barrie Water Operations Branch", "replacement": { "programme": [], "who_replaces": [ { "text": "Barrie's fee schedule lists repair or replacement of a home's water service from the watermain to the property line at no charge, at the discretion of the Manager of Water Operations. It does not mention lead.", "quote": "Water Service Repair or Replacement – From Watermain to Property Line only (and at the No Charge No Charge discretion of the Manager of Water Operations)", "url": "https://www.barrie.ca/Fees-Bylaw_Schedule-N.pdf", "source": "Schedule N, Environmental Services (City of Barrie Fees By-law)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "2025 and 2026 approved fees", "note": "Schedule N, section 3.3 (Residential), 2025 and 2026 approved fee columns. The PDF text interleaves the fee columns with the row text, so the quote includes 'No Charge No Charge'. This is the general rule for water services, not a lead programme." }, { "text": "The part from the property line to the meter is repaired or replaced by the owner or the owner's contractor.", "quote": "Water Service Repair or Replacement from Property Line to Meter. All work to be carried (Property) Owners (Property) Owners out by the Building Owner or his/her Third Party Contractor.", "url": "https://www.barrie.ca/Fees-Bylaw_Schedule-N.pdf", "source": "Schedule N, Environmental Services (City of Barrie Fees By-law)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "2025 and 2026 approved fees", "note": "Schedule N, section 3.3 (Residential). The fee columns are interleaved with the row text. General rule, not specific to lead." } ], "owner_pays": [ { "text": "The owner pays all costs to repair or replace the service from the property line to the meter. The schedule does not mention lead.", "quote": "All Costs are the Building All Costs are the Building Water Service Repair or Replacement from Property Line to Meter. All work to be carried (Property) Owners (Property) Owners out by the Building Owner or his/her Third Party Contractor. Responsibility Responsibility", "url": "https://www.barrie.ca/Fees-Bylaw_Schedule-N.pdf", "source": "Schedule N, Environmental Services (City of Barrie Fees By-law)", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "2025 and 2026 approved fees", "note": "Schedule N, section 3.3 (Residential). Both fee columns read 'All Costs are the Building (Property) Owners Responsibility', interleaved with the row text. General rule for water services, not a lead programme." } ], "money_help": [], "how_to_apply": [] }, "testing": [ { "text": "The City does not call residents to offer water testing, and it has not authorized any company to do so. A company claiming to work with the City has been calling residents.", "quote": "The City is aware of reports of a company contacting residents to offer water testing and claiming to be affiliated with the City of Barrie. This is not the case. The City does not call residents to request water testing, nor do we authorize third-party companies to do so on our behalf.", "url": "https://www.barrie.ca/services-payments/water-wastewater-stormwater/drinking-water-treatment-distribution", "source": "Drinking Water Treatment & Distribution | City of Barrie", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear" }, { "text": "Ontario keeps a list of labs licensed to test drinking water. Call a lab before sending a sample; some labs do not accept samples from outside clients.", "quote": "Prior to submitting samples, please contact the licensed laboratory to determine if samples will be accepted. Some laboratories will not accept samples from external clients.", "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/page/list-licensed-laboratories", "source": "List of Licensed Laboratories | ontario.ca", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "clear", "page_updated": "Updated: February 04, 2026", "note": "The list itself did not appear in a plain fetch of the page. The page is about drinking water tests in general, not lead tests for homeowners." }, { "text": "Under Ontario's Safe Drinking Water Act, 2002, only licensed labs in Ontario and eligible labs outside Ontario may test drinking water samples.", "quote": "only licensed laboratories located in Ontario and eligible out-of-province laboratories may conduct tests on samples of drinking water.", "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/page/drinking-water-testing-laboratories-accreditation-and-licensing", "source": "Drinking water testing laboratories: accreditation and licensing | ontario.ca", "read": "2026-11-03", "clarity": "unclear", "page_updated": "Updated: June 30, 2026", "note": "The page is written for labs and water systems. It does not say whether the rule covers a homeowner's own test." } ], "filters": [], "measurements": [ { "text": "In 2025, Barrie took 20 lead samples from its water distribution system. The highest result was 0.004 mg/L (4 µg/L).", "quote": "Lead (Distribution System) 0.0001 20